dyma / dyna / dacw

Here Is, There Is: Dyma, Dyna, Dacw

Level 1

Use dyma, dyna and dacw to point things out, like "here's", "there's" and "look, over there is".

How It Works

  • Dyma — here is, here are, this is: Dyma fara ffres (Here's fresh bread). Use it to introduce people: Dyma Siân (This is Siân). Dyma chi means "Here you are" when you hand something over.
  • Dyna — there is, that is: Dyna gi mawr! (That's a big dog!) Dyna ni! (There we are!)
  • Dacw — there is, over there (something in sight, further away): Dacw'r castell (There's the castle).

Soft mutation. A noun straight after dyma, dyna or dacw softens: bara → Dyma fara, ci → Dyna gi, llyfr → Dyma lyfr, trueni → Dyna drueni! (What a shame!). See soft mutation.

No change after the article. When 'r comes first, the noun follows the normal article rules instead: Dyma'r bara (Here's the bread), Dacw'r bws! (There's the bus!). A feminine noun still softens after the article: Dyma'r gath.

In quick speech dyma and dyna are often shortened to 'ma and 'na. Do not mix these up with "this" and "that" after a noun (y llyfr 'ma; see y + noun + 'ma and 'na) or with Mae 'na (there is; see mae 'na).

Examples (6)

  1. Dyma fara ffres.

    Here's some fresh bread.

    Bara softens to fara after dyma.

  2. Dyna gi mawr!

    That's a big dog!

    Ci softens to gi after dyna.

  3. Dacw'r castell.

    There's the castle, over there.

    No mutation after 'r; castell is masculine.

  4. Dyma Siân, fy ffrind i.

    This is Siân, my friend.

    Use dyma to introduce someone.

  5. Dyma chi.

    Here you are.

    Said when handing something to someone you call chi.

  6. Dyna drueni!

    What a shame!

    Trueni softens to drueni after dyna.

Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting the soft mutation after dyma.

    Dyma bara ffres.
    Dyma fara ffres.

    A noun straight after dyma, dyna or dacw takes soft mutation: bara becomes fara.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

dyma / dyna / dacwLevel 1Here Is, There Is: Dyma, Dyna, Dacw

Learn This First

Dyma, dyna and dacw trigger soft mutation.

Words in This Pattern

dymadynadacw