yma / yna / yno

Here and There: Yma, Yna, Yno

Level 2

Yma means here and yna means there, where you can see it. Yno also means there, but for a place you cannot see or have already talked about.

How It Works

Here: yma ('ma), fan hyn (especially South), fan'ma (especially North).

  • Dw i yma! — I'm here!
  • Dere 'ma! (South) / Tyrd yma! (North) — Come here!

There, in view: yna ('na), fan'na, draw fan'na (over there).

  • Wyt ti yna? — Are you there? (for example on the phone)
  • Mae dy lyfr di draw fan'na — Your book is over there

There, out of sight or already mentioned: yno.

  • Es i i Aberystwyth ddoe. Roedd hi'n braf iawn yno. — It was lovely there.
  • Dw i'n byw yno — I live there.

Yna has other jobs too. It can mean "then" in a story, and 'na after bod means "there is" (see mae 'na). Yno only ever means "there". After a noun, 'ma and 'na mean this and that: y llyfr 'ma (see y + noun + 'ma and 'na). To point something out, use dyma dyna dacw.

Examples (6)

  1. Dw i yma!

    I'm here!

  2. Mae'r bws yn stopio fan hyn.

    The bus stops here.

    Fan hyn is especially Southern.

  3. Rho fo fan'ma.

    Put it here.

    North: fan'ma and fo.

  4. Mae dy lyfr di draw fan'na.

    Your book is over there.

    Draw fan'na: over there, in view.

  5. Es i i Aberystwyth ddoe. Roedd hi'n braf iawn yno.

    I went to Aberystwyth yesterday. It was lovely there.

    Yno: a place already mentioned and not in view.

  6. Wyt ti yna?

    Are you there?

    For example on the phone.

Common Mistakes

  • Using yma for a place you are not in.

    Es i i Gaerdydd ddoe. Roedd hi'n braf yma.
    Es i i Gaerdydd ddoe. Roedd hi'n braf yno.

    You are no longer in Cardiff, so "here" is wrong. For a place already mentioned and out of sight, use yno.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

yma / yna / ynoLevel 2Here and There: Yma, Yna, Yno

Learn This First

Yma, yna and yno are the full adverbs behind 'ma and 'na.

Words in This Pattern

ynayno