nữa

The function of nữa adapts to the context of the sentence:

1. Affirmative Sentences (More / Another / Again)
Place nữa at the end of a phrase to indicate an addition, continuation, or repetition.

• cà phê nữa = more coffee / another coffee
• nói nữa = speak more / keep speaking
• một lần nữa = one more time / again

2. Negative Sentences (Not Anymore / Not Another)
When paired with the negator không, the meaning often flips to indicate cessation (not anymore). The formula is không + [verb/object] + nữa, where nữa comes after the action or item.

• không học nữa = not studying anymore

To explicitly express that a state or action has ended, it is very common to add còn (still): không còn + [verb/object] + nữa (no longer).

• Tôi không còn tiền nữa. = I have no money left anymore.

However, to specifically negate an addition (e.g., 'not another glass'), you often use the word thêm (more/additional) alongside the quantity, though it is not strictly mandatory.

• Tôi không uống (thêm) ly nào nữa. = I am not drinking another glass.

Note: If paired with chưa, it does not mean cessation. Instead, it adds emphasis to 'not yet' (e.g., chưa làm nữa = haven't even done it yet).

3. Question Words (Else)
When used with question words like ai (who) or gì (what), it translates to 'else'.

• Ai nữa? = Who else?
• Còn gì nữa không? = Is there anything else?

4. With Adjectives and Also (Too / Moreover)
It can link phrases to mean 'moreover' or 'too'.

• cũng ... nữa: This is the standard, everyday way to say 'also', 'too', or 'either'. For example: Tôi cũng đi nữa (I am going too) or Mình cũng chưa biết nữa (I don't know yet either).
• đã ... lại còn ... (nữa): This paired conjunction means 'not only ... but also ...'. For example: đã rẻ lại còn đẹp nữa (not only cheap, but beautiful too).

5. Time Expressions (Later / In)
When used with time expressions, nữa indicates a future time or 'later'. This follows the Duration + nữa pattern.

• 5 phút nữa = in 5 minutes
• lát nữa / chút nữa = a little later

6. Sentence Connector (Furthermore / Moreover)
When combined with hơn (more) at the beginning of a sentence, hơn nữa acts as a connector meaning 'furthermore' or 'moreover'.

• Hơn nữa, nó rất đắt. = Furthermore, it is very expensive.

7. With Comparisons (Even More)
When added after a comparative adjective (hơn), nữa means 'even more'.

• đẹp hơn nữa = even more beautiful
• to hơn nữa = even bigger

8. Repeated Actions (Again - Annoyance/Surprise)
The pattern lại + [verb] + nữa is a standard structure used to express that an action is repeating, often with a tone of complaint, annoyance, or inevitability.

• Lại mưa nữa! = It's raining again!
• Anh ấy lại đến nữa. = He is coming again.

Important Distinctions:

• Nữa vs. Nửa: Be careful with the tones! Nữa (ngã tone) means 'more' or 'another', while nửa (hỏi tone) means 'half' (e.g., một nửa = one half).
• Thêm vs. Nữa: Both translate to 'more'. Thêm goes before a noun but after a verb, while nữa goes after the noun or verb. They are often combined: ăn thêm cơm nữa (eat more rice).
• Lại vs. Nữa: While lại + Verb implies the repetition of an event, nữa can imply either an incremental continuation or repetition (like một lần nữa).