brukar
Usually Do
Use brukar to say what you 'usually do' or 'are in the habit of doing'.
How It Works
brukar is a helpful verb for talking about habits and routines. It functions like a modal verb (such as kan or ska), which means it's followed directly by the main verb in its infinitive form, without the infinitive marker att.
Key Points:
- Present Habits:
brukaris used for habits in the present tense. For past habits, you use the past tense form,brukade.
Example: Jag brukade spela fotboll när jag var liten. (I used to play football when I was little.) - No 'att': The ordinary auxiliary pattern omits
att. It'sbrukar göra, notbrukar att göra. - Negation: To say you don't usually do something, place inte after finite
brukarin a basic subject-first main clause.
Example: Jag brukar inte äta frukost. (I don't usually eat breakfast.) - Questions: In a yes/no question,
brukarcomes first. In a question-word question, it follows the question phrase. Compare these patterns with the verb-second rule.
Example: Brukar du promenera till jobbet? (Do you usually walk to work?)
brukar is a verb, which is different from the adverb vanligtvis (usually). While they can have similar meanings, brukar is integrated into the verb phrase, whereas vanligtvis modifies the whole sentence.
Compare: Han brukar komma sent. = Han kommer vanligtvis sent. (He usually comes late.)
Position And MeaningVad brukar du göra? has the question word before brukar; Brukar du läsa? is a verb-first yes/no question. På kvällarna brukar jag inte läsa places the inverted subject before inte, while a subordinate clause normally has eftersom jag inte brukar läsa.
A habit need not be a deliberate action: Det brukar vara kallt här describes a usual condition. Brukade places the pattern in the past; the word alone does not logically prove that it has completely ended. For one intended event tonight, use Jag ska gå på bio ikväll or another suitable future-reference construction, rather than the habitual meaning of brukar.
Examples (5)
- Jag brukar dricka kaffe på morgonen.
I usually drink coffee in the morning.
Word by Word: I usually drink coffee in the morning.
- Vad brukar du göra på helgerna?
What do you usually do on the weekends?
Word by Word: What usually you do on the weekends?
- Vi brukar inte titta på tv.
We don't usually watch TV.
Word by Word: We usually not watch on TV.
- Han brukar cykla till jobbet när det är soligt.
He usually bikes to work when it's sunny.
Word by Word: He usually bikes to the job when it is sunny.
- Brukar det regna mycket här på hösten?
Does it usually rain a lot here in the autumn?
Word by Word: Usually it rain much here in the autumn?
Common Mistakes
Conjugating the main verb after 'brukar'.
Hon brukar läser en bok.Hon brukar läsa en bok.Like other modal verbs, 'brukar' must be followed by the main verb in its infinitive (base) form. The main verb should not be conjugated.
Using 'brukar' for a single event instead of a habit.
Jag brukar gå på bio ikväll. (Intended: one plan for tonight.)Jag ska gå på bio ikväll.'Brukar' describes a recurring habit. For a single, planned event in the future, use a future tense like 'ska' or 'kommer att'.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand 'brukar', you need to know how basic verbs are conjugated in the present tense. Since 'brukar' acts like a modal verb (similar to 'kan' or 'vill'), you must understand that it is followed by the infinitive form of another verb without using the marker 'att'. Familiarity with frequency adverbs also helps in understanding the habitual meaning of this pattern.
- kanCan/be Able to
Brukar functions as a semi-modal verb, following the same syntactic structure as modal verbs like 'kan', where it is followed directly by an infinitive without 'att'.
Level 2 - oftaOften
Understanding frequency adverbs like 'ofta' provides the semantic context for expressing habits, which 'brukar' grammaticalizes.
Level 1
Related Patterns
- attTo (Infinitive Marker)
Level 1brukaris followed by a verb in its infinitive form, but unlike many other verbs that take an infinitive, you do not use the infinitive marker att after it. - inteNot
Basic
Level 1Jag brukar inte läsaplaces negation after finite brukar. With inversion the subject can intervene:På kvällen brukar jag inte läsa; subordinate order isatt jag inte brukar läsa. - Verb-second rule
Yes/no
Level 3Brukar du läsa?begins with the finite verb. Question-wordVad brukar du läsa?places the question phrase first. Do not call both orders verb-second. - ska/skallWill/shall
Level 2brukardescribes present habits, while ska describes future intentions. It's important to choose the correct verb for the timeframe you are talking about.
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.