försöka + Infinitive
Try to
Use försöka + an infinitive verb (like att läsa) to say 'try to do something'.
How It Works
The pattern försöka + infinitive is fundamental for expressing effort or an attempt to perform an action. The main verb, försöka, is conjugated for tense, not for person or number, while the second verb remains in its infinitive form.
Structure:
Subject + försöka (conjugated) + (att) + infinitive verb
The infinitive marker att is optional in this infinitive construction in standard Swedish, both spoken and written.
- With
att: Jag försöker att förstå. (I am trying to understand.) - Without
att: Jag försöker förstå. (I am trying to understand.)
Both versions are standard in this pattern.
Conjugation of försöka:
- Present: försöker
- Past (Preterite): försökte
- Perfect: har försökt
Försöka vs. Prova
A common point of confusion is the difference between försöka and prova.
försökaimplies making an effort to achieve a goal. It's about the attempt itself. (e.g., försöka lösa ett problem - try to solve a problem)provameans 'to try out', 'to test', or 'to sample'. It's used for experiences. (e.g., prova en ny restaurang - try a new restaurant; prova kläder - try on clothes)
Colloquial Imperative: Försök och...
In informal speech, you might hear the imperative form Försök och... instead of Försök att.... This is a pseudo-coordination.
- Standard: Försök att vara tyst! (Try to be quiet!)
- Colloquial: Försök och var tyst! (Try and be quiet!)
Prova can also take an infinitive, for example prova att klättra (try climbing). The distinction is the perspective on the action, not a ban on using prova before a verb.
Meaning and Usage ContrastJag provar att klättra uppför berget. / Jag försöker att klättra uppför berget.
Both examples are grammatical. Försöka emphasizes the attempt to achieve the goal; prova att klättra presents climbing as something to test or try out. Prova can take an infinitive and is not limited to clothes or food.
Examples (5)
- Jag försöker att lära mig svenska.
I am trying to learn Swedish.
Word by Word: I try to learn me Swedish.
- Hon försökte öppna dörren, men den var låst.
She tried to open the door, but it was locked.
Word by Word: She tried open the door, but it was locked.
- Vi har försökt att ringa honom hela dagen.
We have tried to call him all day.
Word by Word: We have tried to call him whole the day.
- Kan du försöka (att) vara lite tystare?
Can you try to be a little quieter?
Word by Word: Can you try (to) be a little quieter?
The infinitive marker
attis optional afterförsökain this construction, in writing as well as speech. - De ska försöka komma i tid till mötet.
They will try to arrive on time for the meeting.
Word by Word: They shall try come in time to the meeting.
Common Mistakes
Using a conjugated verb form after 'försöka' instead of an infinitive.
Han försöker lagar mat.Han försöker (att) laga mat.The verb that follows 'försöka' must be in its infinitive (base) form, like 'laga', not a conjugated form like 'lagar'.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To use 'försöka + infinitive', you need to know how to conjugate the main verb 'försöka' and how to link it to a second verb using the infinitive marker 'att'. Familiarity with other modal-like verbs that take infinitives helps in understanding the sentence structure.
Related Patterns
- attTo (Infinitive Marker)
The infinitive marker
Level 1attis optional before the infinitive complement offörsöka:försöker (att) förstå. - börja + InfinitiveStart -ing
Like
Level 4försöka,börja(to start) is another verb that is commonly followed by an infinitive to describe the beginning of an action. This shows a common pattern of 'verb + infinitive'. - sluta + InfinitiveStop -ing
Similar to
Level 4försökaandbörja,sluta(to stop) also takes an infinitive complement. It's useful to compare these verbs to understand how different main verbs control the following infinitive. - lyckas + InfinitiveSucceed in -ing
Level 4lyckas(to succeed) is the logical counterpart toförsöka. Whileförsökadescribes the attempt,lyckasdescribes the successful outcome of an attempt. For example, 'Jag försökte öppna dörren, och jag lyckades!' (I tried to open the door, and I succeeded!). - behöva + InfinitiveNeed to
Level 4behöva(to need to) is another verb that takes an infinitive. Comparing it withförsökahelps learners categorize verbs that function similarly to modal verbs, governing a following action. - Försök och construction
This pattern, 'försök och...', is a colloquial, imperative alternative to 'försök att...'. Understanding this helps with comprehending informal spoken Swedish.
Level 5