Combining Direction and Aspect

Level 5

Supported orders include mai anō, rawa mai, and directionals before closing ana.

How It Works

Directionals follow the verb and orient an action relative to a viewpoint. Mai commonly points toward it; atu commonly points away. Combining a directional with another particle requires the order appropriate to the construction.

In Pānuitia mai anō taua reta, mai directs the reading toward the speaker and anō requests repetition. In kia tae rawa mai, rawa reinforces the awaited arrival. With e … ana, the directional precedes closing ana: e rere atu ana, “flying away”.

These particles do not agree with subject number. Directional meanings extend beyond physical movement, so spatial English glosses do not explain every use. The demonstrated sequences establish neither all possible combinations of two directionals nor free rearrangement of particles.

Examples (3)

  1. Pānuitia mai anō taua reta.

    Read that letter to me again.

    Mai gives orientation toward the speaker; anō adds repetition.

  2. Me tatari kia tae rawa mai ngā kaiako.

    We should wait until the teachers actually arrive.

    The endpoint clause places rawa before mai; “we” is understood from the situation.

  3. E rere atu ana te manu.

    The bird is flying away.

    Atu occurs inside e … ana.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Combining Direction and AspectLevel 5

Learn This First

Combine familiar particle meanings in the attested orders mai anō, rawa mai and directional-before-ana, learning each sequence without extrapolating a universal ordering table.