hoki

Also and Explanation

Level 3

Hoki can mean also, or connect a statement with its explanation.

How It Works

Additive hoki means “also” or “too.” It follows the added predicate or phrase; manner, directional and locative particles precede it when present. In He kaiako, he kaituhi hoki a Moana, Moana's second role is added to the first.

Explanatory hoki links its clause to a preceding claim as a reason. In Me tūpato tāua. He taumaha hoki te pouaka, “We two should be careful. The box is heavy, after all,” the second sentence explains the advice. Context can therefore distinguish explanatory from additive readings of the same clause.

The verb hoki, “return,” instead heads a predicate, as in Ka hoki a Rangi. The particle has no person or number endings; Bauer excludes it from the passive modifier agreement described there.

Examples (3)

  1. He kaiako, he kaituhi hoki a Moana.

    Moana is a teacher and also a writer.

    Adds a second role.

  2. He nui, he taumaha hoki te pouaka.

    The box is large and also heavy.

    Adds a second property.

  3. Me tūpato tāua. He taumaha hoki te pouaka.

    We two should be careful. The box is heavy, after all.

    The second statement explains the advice; tāua includes speaker and addressee.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

hokiLevel 3Also and Explanation

Learn This First

Compare adding a second description with giving an explanation for preceding advice. Identify particle hoki through its position and discourse relationship, separately from hoki heading a return predicate.