aħna / intom / huma

Plural Subject Pronouns

Level 1

aħna includes the speaker; intom addresses several people; huma refers to a third-person group.

How It Works

Compare Aħna naħsbu dwar il-pjan. “We think about the plan”, Intom taħsbu dwar il-prezz. “You all think about the price”, and Huma jaħsbu dwar il-vjaġġ. “They think about the journey”. The verb changes with person and number; replacing only the pronoun would not preserve agreement.

A present adjective predicate can lack an overt finite copula: Aħna morda. “We are ill”. Plural morda corresponds to singular marid and marida. These plural pronouns have no separate masculine and feminine forms.

Contrast singular int taħseb with plural intom taħsbu. In finite clauses an independent pronoun can establish a topic or contrast, or be omitted when recoverable. This does not establish unrestricted subject deletion in nonverbal clauses. Huma can also function as a copular link.

Examples (4)

  1. Aħna naħsbu dwar il-pjan.

    We think about the plan.

    First-person plural agreement.

  2. Intom taħsbu dwar il-prezz.

    You all think about the price.

    Second-person plural agreement.

  3. Huma jaħsbu dwar il-vjaġġ.

    They think about the journey.

    Third-person plural agreement.

  4. Aħna morda.

    We are ill.

    Plural adjective predicate without an overt finite present verb.

How It Connects

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aħna / intom / humaLevel 1Plural Subject Pronouns

Learn This First

Extend participant reference to groups through aħna, intom and huma. The matched thinking examples introduce plural person agreement, while Aħna morda illustrates a plural description without imposing gender distinctions on the pronouns.

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Patterns that build on this one.