sebagaimana

As or as Provided by

Level 5

Sebagaimana is a high-level formal word used to say 'as' or 'just as.' It is the standard choice in legal, academic, and official contexts to refer to rules or specific manners of doing things.

How It Works

Sebagaimana is primarily used in two ways:

  • Formal Citations: In legal or administrative Malay, it introduces a reference to a previously stated rule or condition. For example, 'as provided by the law.'
  • Precise Comparison of Manner: It describes an action performed in the exact same way as another.

Key Usage Notes:
1. Register: It is rarely used in casual speech. In daily conversation, speakers prefer macam or seperti.
2. Structure: It is frequently followed by the relative pronoun yang when introducing a full clause (e.g., sebagaimana yang dijanjikan - as promised).
3. Fixed Phrases: It appears in formal set phrases like sebagaimana mestinya (as it should be/as appropriate).

Examples (4)

  1. Bayaran hendaklah dibuat sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan dalam kontrak.

    Payment must be made as has been stipulated in the contract.

    Word by Word: Payment must be made as that already stipulated in contract.

    This demonstrates the formal citation use, referring to a specific provision in a legal document.

  2. Kita harus menghargai masa sebagaimana Siti yang sentiasa bangun awal.

    We should value time just as Siti does, who always wakes up early.

    Word by Word: We must value time as Siti who always wake up early.

    Here, it compares the manner in which one should value time to a specific example.

  3. Sila hantar borang tersebut sebagaimana mestinya.

    Please submit the form as appropriate.

    Word by Word: Please send form that as it-should-be.

    This uses the fixed formal phrase 'sebagaimana mestinya' to indicate following proper procedure.

  4. Sebagaimana yang kita sedia maklum, projek ini akan bermula esok.

    As we are already aware, this project will begin tomorrow.

    Word by Word: As that we ready know, project this will start tomorrow.

    A common opening in formal speeches or meetings to reference shared knowledge.

Common Mistakes

  • Redundant use of 'dengan' (with).

    Dia berlari sebagaimana dengan bapanya.
    Dia berlari sebagaimana bapanya.

    Sebagaimana already contains the meaning of 'the same as' (sama halnya dengan). Adding 'dengan' after it is grammatically redundant.

  • Confusing 'sebagaimana' with 'sebagai' for roles.

    Dia bekerja sebagaimana guru.
    Dia bekerja sebagai guru.

    Use 'sebagai' to describe a role or capacity. Use 'sebagaimana' only for comparisons of manner or citations.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

sebagaimanaLevel 5As or as Provided by

Learn This First

Sebagaimana is a formal conjunction used to introduce comparisons or citations. It is a compound of the equative prefix 'se-' and the interrogative 'bagaimana' (how), literally meaning 'in the manner that'. To understand it, learners need to be familiar with the equative 'se-' prefix and the concept of similarity markers like 'seperti'.

Words in This Pattern

sebagaimana