jog

Formal That with Jog

Level 5

Jog = that: Jis pareiškė, jog atsistatydina. It does the same job as kad in content clauses, but belongs to news, reports and careful writing.

How It Works

1. Content clauses. Jog introduces what is said, thought, known or felt:

  • Ministerija pranešė, jog mokesčiai nesikeis. (The ministry announced that taxes would not change.)
  • Aišku, jog šis darbas užtruks ilgiau. (It is clear that this work will take longer.)

As with reported speech with kad, the verb need not shift tense merely because the reporting verb is past: atsistatydina stays present.

2. So … that. Jog can also follow taip or toks: Buvo taip šalta, jog užšalo net upė.

3. Not for purpose. A clause of purpose (so that, in order to) uses kad rather than jog with the conditional, as in kad + tariamoji nuosaka: Atėjau, kad tau padėčiau. Usage guides also advise against jog with the conditional in general, so write Norėčiau, kad visi dalyvautų.

4. Style. Kad is the everyday word. Writers often switch to jog to avoid repeating kad in one sentence: Jis sakė, kad žino, jog vėluoja.

5. Punctuation. An ordinary jog clause is separated from its main clause by a comma. See kablelis prieš šalutinį sakinį.

Examples (6)

  1. Jis pareiškė, jog atsistatydina.

    He announced that he was resigning.

    The verb keeps the present tense of the original announcement.

  2. Ministerija pranešė, jog mokesčiai nesikeis.

    The ministry announced that taxes would not change.

  3. Mokslininkai mano, jog klimatas šyla greičiau, nei tikėtasi.

    Scientists think that the climate is warming faster than expected.

  4. Aišku, jog šis darbas užtruks ilgiau.

    It is clear that this work will take longer.

  5. Buvo taip šalta, jog užšalo net upė.

    It was so cold that even the river froze.

    Jog after taip gives the result.

  6. Žinau, jog stengiesi.

    I know that you are trying.

    Kad would sound more everyday here.

Common Mistakes

  • Using jog for purpose (so that).

    Atėjau, jog tau padėčiau.
    Atėjau, kad tau padėčiau.

    For purpose, use kad rather than jog. Usage guides treat jog in a purpose clause as incorrect.

  • Leaving out the comma before jog.

    Jis pareiškė jog atsistatydina.
    Jis pareiškė, jog atsistatydina.

    Here the subordinate clause follows the main clause, so a comma comes before jog.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

jogLevel 5Formal That with Jog

Learn This First

Jog is an alternative to kad for factual content clauses, not every use of kad.

Words in This Pattern