gan

Without and Negative Verbal Nouns

Level 3

Gan means without and can negate a verbal-noun phrase: gan airgead, gan fanacht. Mutation depends on the construction and initial sound.

How It Works

Gan means without and can negate a verbal-noun phrase: gan airgead, gan fanacht. Mutation depends on the construction and initial sound.

Gan introduces absence or the nonperformance of an action. Before a verbal noun it can mean without doing that action. Its mutation patterns depend on the construction and initial consonant; the examples should not be generalized into a claim that gan always lenites or never lenites.

Examples (3)

  1. Tháinig sí gan airgead.

    She came without money.

  2. D'imigh sé gan fanacht.

    He left without waiting.

  3. Tá an teach gan doras.

    The house has no door.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ganLevel 3Without and Negative Verbal Nouns

Learn This First

Recognize the verbal noun as an action that can be negated without a finite verb.

Words in This Pattern

gan