sing-/kasing- + Adjective

To form an equal comparison, follow one of these structures:

[sing-/kasing- + Root] + [ni/ng Marker] + [si/ang Subject]
[magkasing- + Root] + [Compound/Plural Subject]

1. The Prefix: Kasing- and sing- are interchangeable standard variants. Use magkasing- or magsing- if two items are grouped together as a single subject without the ni/ng marker (e.g., Magkasintangkad sina Ben at Sam - Ben and Sam are equally tall), and magkakasing- or magsising- if there are three or more items (e.g., Magkakasintangkad sina Ben, Sam, at Tom - Ben, Sam, and Tom are equally tall).
2. Hyphenation: Use a hyphen if the root starts with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), such as kasing-asim (as sour as). A hyphen is also required before proper nouns (e.g., kasing-Einstein - as smart as Einstein) and unassimilated loanwords (e.g., kasing-smart - as smart as). Most roots starting with consonants do not use a hyphen (e.g., kasingyaman - as rich as).
3. Nasal Assimilation: Traditionally, the final 'ng' changes based on the root's first letter. However, in modern, everyday Tagalog, this assimilation is often optional, and unassimilated forms (like kasingtalino or kasingbilis) are widely accepted.

• kasing- / sing-: Before vowels (with hyphen) and k, g, h, m, n, ng, w, y.
• kasin- / sin-: Before d, l, r, s, t (e.g., kasintalino - as smart as).
• kasim- / sim-: Before b, p (e.g., kasimbilis - as fast as).

4. Pluralization: When the subject or the reference point is plural, you can show this by using reduplication on the first syllable of the adjective root (e.g., kasinggaganda - as beautiful as [plural], kasintatalino - as smart as [plural]).
5. The Markers: The 'yardstick' (reference point) uses ni, ng, or a genitive pronoun (ko, mo, niya). The main subject uses si, ang, or a nominative pronoun (ako, ikaw/ka, siya, kami, kayo, sila). Note that ikaw cannot be used in the enclitic position immediately following the adjective and must become ka.
6. Pronoun Order: When using pronouns, Tagalog's enclitic pronoun order applies. Enclitic pronouns must jump to the position immediately following the first word of the predicate (the adjective). Furthermore, monosyllabic pronouns (like ko, mo, ka) must come before disyllabic ones (like siya, niya, ako). For example, say Kasintangkad mo siya (He/She is as tall as you) instead of Kasintangkad siya mo, and Kasintangkad ka niya (You are as tall as him/her) instead of Kasintangkad niya ka. When both pronouns are disyllabic, the genitive (yardstick) pronoun usually comes first (e.g., Kasintangkad niya siya - He/She is as tall as him/her). Note a crucial rule: when the yardstick is ko (me) and the subject is ka (you), they must combine into the portmanteau pronoun kita (e.g., Kasintangkad kita - You are as tall as me, not Kasintangkad ko ka).