bunsod ng

As a Result of

Level 5

Bunsod ng is a formal way to link a result to its specific trigger or catalyst. It is the standard choice for journalism and academic writing when explaining why something happened.

How It Works

In Filipino grammar, bunsod ng is used to introduce a cause that initiates a development or change.

1. Formal Register:
This pattern is rarely used in casual conversation. If you are chatting with friends, you would use dahil sa. However, in news broadcasts, newspapers, and government reports, bunsod ng is the preferred term for explaining socio-political, economic, or environmental causes.

2. The 'Trigger' Nuance:
Unlike other causal markers, bunsod ng implies that the cause was a catalyst. For example, a rise in prices might be bunsod ng (triggered by) a global oil price hike. It suggests a chain reaction or a launching point.

3. Grammatical Structure:
It is always followed by the ng marker (never nang) and a noun or noun phrase.
Example: bunsod ng krisis (as a result of the crisis).

4. Comparison with Sanhi ng:
While dulôt ng or sanhi ng often focus on negative consequences or direct scientific causes, bunsod ng is broader and focuses on the initiation of the event, whether the outcome is positive or negative.

Examples (4)

  1. Maraming biyahe ng barko ang kinansela bunsod ng masamang panahon.

    Many boat trips were canceled as a result of the bad weather.

    Word by Word: Many trips of boat [focus marker] were-canceled result of bad weather.

    This is a classic news headline structure where a specific event (weather) triggers a result (cancellations).

  2. Tumaas ang presyo ng bilihin bunsod ng paggalaw ng presyo ng langis.

    Prices of goods rose triggered by the movement of oil prices.

    Word by Word: Rose [focus marker] price of goods result of movement of price of oil.

    Here, 'bunsod ng' links the economic result to its specific global catalyst.

  3. Bunsod ng tagumpay ng programa, maglulunsad ang gobyerno ng ikalawang yugto.

    As a result of the program's success, the government will launch a second phase.

    Word by Word: Result of success of program, will-launch [focus marker] government of second phase.

    This shows that 'bunsod ng' can also be used for positive triggers and can appear at the beginning of a sentence.

  4. Nagkaroon ng pagbabago sa batas bunsod ng mga protestang naganap.

    There was a change in the law as a result of the protests that occurred.

    Word by Word: Had of change in law result of [plural marker] protests occurred.

    This demonstrates the use of the pattern in a socio-political context.

Common Mistakes

  • Using 'bunsod ng' in casual, everyday conversation.

    Nahuli ako sa klase bunsod ng trapik.
    Nahuli ako sa klase dahil sa trapik.

    Using 'bunsod ng' with friends sounds overly stiff, like a news reporter. Use 'dahil sa' for daily life.

  • Confusing the marker 'ng' with 'nang'.

    Bunsod nang pandemya...
    Bunsod ng pandemya...

    Even though 'nang' is often used for adverbs, 'bunsod ng' is a fixed prepositional phrase that always uses the 'ng' marker.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

bunsod ngLevel 5As a Result of

Learn This First

To understand 'bunsod ng', learners need to be familiar with the 'ng' marker, which identifies the noun phrase acting as the cause. It is also helpful to understand basic causal expressions like 'dahil sa', as 'bunsod ng' serves a similar function but in a more formal or journalistic register.

Words in This Pattern

bunsod