Shared Compound Parts (laulu- ja tantsupidu)
Shared Compound Parts
Laulupidu ja tantsupidu becomes laulu- ja tantsupidu. The hyphen says that pidu belongs to laulu as well.
How It Works
This is only for real compounds, words that are written as one word. Instead of repeating the shared part, you write it once.
The last part is shared. Put the hyphen after each word that has lost its ending part:
- laulupidu ja tantsupidu → laulu- ja tantsupidu (song and dance festival)
- eestikeelne ja venekeelne → eesti- ja venekeelne (Estonian- and Russian-language)
- hommikupoolne või õhtupoolne → hommiku- või õhtupoolne (morning or evening)
- veevarustustööd ja kanalisatsioonitööd → veevarustus- ja kanalisatsioonitööd (water supply and sewage work)
The first part is shared. Put the hyphen before each word that has lost its first part:
- sünniaasta, sünnikuu ja sünnipäev → sünniaasta, -kuu ja -päev (year, month and day of birth)
- linnavalitsus ja linnavolikogu → linnavalitsus ja -volikogu (city government and city council)
Spacing. There is no space between the hyphen and its word, and there is a normal space on the other side: laulu- ja, ja -päev.
Phrases written as two words do not use this hyphen. The last four cases (-na, -ni, -ta, -ga) can also be shared, but without a hyphen: isa ja emaga (with father and mother).
Examples (6)
- Eesti laulu- ja tantsupidu toimub tavaliselt iga viie aasta tagant.
The Estonian Song and Dance Celebration usually takes place every five years.
Laulu- ja tantsupidu stands for laulupidu ja tantsupidu.
- Kirjuta siia oma sünniaasta, -kuu ja -päev.
Write your year, month and day of birth here.
The shared first part sünni- is written only once.
- Kool pakub eesti- ja venekeelset õpet.
The school offers teaching in Estonian and in Russian.
- Kas sa eelistad hommiku- või õhtupoolset aega?
Do you prefer a time in the morning or in the evening?
- Tallinna linnavalitsus ja -volikogu arutasid eelarvet.
Tallinn's city government and city council discussed the budget.
- Maja taga on õuna- ja marjaaed.
Behind the house there is an apple and berry garden.
Common Mistakes
Leaving out the hyphen.
Eesti laulu ja tantsupiduEesti laulu- ja tantsupiduWithout the hyphen, laulu looks like a separate genitive word. The hyphen shows that it is part of the compound laulupidu.
Putting a space between the hyphen and its word.
sünniaasta, - kuu ja - päevsünniaasta, -kuu ja -päevThe hyphen is attached to the word it replaces a part of. Leave a space only on the other side.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Shared parts build on compound spelling.
Related Patterns
- Building Compound Nouns
Only compounds can share a part this way.
Level 3 - Adjectives with -ni, -na, -ta, -ga
The last four cases can share an ending across joined words, but without a hyphen.
Level 3 - Leaving Out a Repeated Verb
The same idea of not repeating what is shared, applied to whole verbs.
Level 5 - Very Long Compounds
Long official compounds are often shortened this way in lists.
Level 6