Regional Speech
On Saaremaa you may hear söber and pöld instead of sõber and põld. That is regional speech, not a mistake.
How It Works
The islands (saarte murre). The speech of Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Muhu and Kihnu is known for a sing-song intonation and several sound changes:
- ö instead of õ: pöld (põld, field), sörmus (sõrmus, ring), mönus (mõnus, cozy). Õ is still used in Muhu, Kihnu and eastern Pöide.
- No consonant cluster at the start of a word: ruut for pruut (bride).
- A lost v: orst for vorst (sausage).
- A special past negative: ma es nää for ma ei näinud (I didn't see).
South Estonian (Võro, Seto, Mulgi, Tartu). These varieties differ so much that Võro and Seto are often called languages of their own:
- Vowel harmony, which the standard lost long ago: külä (küla, village), kellä (kella, clock).
- A glottal stop written q, which also marks the plural: kalaq (kalad, fish).
- Old word shapes: üts for üks (one).
Võro has its own newspaper, Uma Leht, and a written form of its own. In novels and plays, regional speech shows where a character comes from; read it as deliberate style.
Examples (5)
- Saaremaal öeldakse sageli pöld ja söber, mitte põld ja sõber.
On Saaremaa people often say pöld and söber, not põld and sõber.
- Ma es nää teda.
I didn't see him.
Word by Word: I not-PAST see him
Island speech. The standard sentence is Ma ei näinud teda.
- Muhus ja Kihnus on õ-häälik alles.
In Muhu and Kihnu the õ sound is still used.
- Võru keeles on küla külä ja kalad on kalaq.
In Võro, küla (village) is külä and kalad (fish) is kalaq.
Külä shows vowel harmony; the q in kalaq is a glottal stop that marks the plural.
- Uma Leht ilmub võru keeles.
The newspaper Uma Leht is published in Võro.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Regional forms differ from the standard.
Related Patterns
- South Estonian (Võro and Seto)
Covers Võro and Seto in more detail.
Level 6 - Two Old Written Standards
The two dialect groups once had two written standards.
Level 6 - Dialect in Literature
Writers use regional speech to show where characters come from.
Level 6 - Written vs Spoken Estonian
Regional forms are one more way speech differs from the written standard.
Level 3
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.