ju / küll / vist / ometi
Particles Ju, Küll, Vist, Ometi
Ma ju ütlesin! means I told you so! Ta on vist haige means He is probably sick.
How It Works
- ju points to something the listener knows or should see: Ma ju ütlesin! Sa olid ju ise ka seal. It usually comes right after the verb. At the very start of a sentence it means probably: Ju ta teadis.
- küll at the start of a sentence reassures: Küll ta tuleb. (He will come, do not worry.) Küll me saame hakkama. It also strengthens a statement (Nüüd ma pean küll minema.) and an exclamation (Küll on ilus!).
- vist marks a guess: Ta on vist haige. The answer Vist küll. means I think so.
- ometi shows relief at last: Tulid ometi! It makes a request or wish more urgent: Ütle ometi! It can also mean after all or still: Ta on ometi su vend.
küll has two more uses with their own entries: saying yes to a negative (Tulen küll.) and admitting a point before aga.
Examples (6)
- Ma ju ütlesin!
I told you so!
Word by Word: I as-you-know said
- Sa olid ju ise ka seal.
You were there yourself, after all.
Word by Word: you were as-you-know self also there
- Küll ta tuleb.
He will come, do not worry.
Word by Word: surely he comes
- Ta on vist haige.
She is probably sick.
Word by Word: she is probably sick
- Tulid ometi!
You came at last!
Word by Word: came-you at-last
- Ütle ometi, mis sul on!
Do tell me what is wrong!
Word by Word: say PRT what at-you is
ometi makes the request more urgent.
Common Mistakes
Using ju for a guess.
Ta ei tulnud tööle. Ta on ju haige.Ta ei tulnud tööle. Ta on vist haige.After the verb, ju means as you know. If you are only guessing, use vist.
Using ometi for finally in a list of events.
Me sõime, jalutasime ja ometi läksime koju.Me sõime, jalutasime ja lõpuks läksime koju.ometi shows relief or impatience. For the last step in a sequence, use lõpuks.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Attitude particles are added to ordinary statements.
Related Patterns
- Yes to a Negative (küll)
Another use of küll: saying yes to a negative.
Level 3 - küll ... agaAdmittedly ... but
küll can also admit a point before aga.
Level 4 - -gi/-kiToo and Even (-gi/-ki)
Another small word that adds emphasis.
Level 3 - How Sure You Are
Longer words for how sure you are, like vist.
Level 5 - Tag Questions (eks, vä)
More small words that show attitude in speech.
Level 3 - Spoken Fillers (nagu, noh, mingi)Spoken Fillers
Words that shape the flow of casual speech.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice ju / küll / vist / ometi in Bubblegum
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