k.t.p. / ekz. / UEA
Common Abbreviations
Phrases get a stop after each letter, one shortened word gets one stop, and group names are capitals.
How It Works
| Short form | Full form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| k.t.p. | kaj tiel plu | and so on |
| t.e. | tio estas | that is |
| k.a. | kaj aliaj | and others |
| ekz. | ekzemple | for example |
| UEA | Universala Esperanto-Asocio | World Esperanto Association |
| UK | Universala Kongreso | World Congress |
A full stop marks the end of an abbreviation, so a phrase made of several words has a stop after each letter. PMEG writes k.t.p. and adds that ktp is just as good. The shortened word ekz. has a single stop.
When you read an abbreviation aloud, say the full words: k.t.p. is said kaj tiel plu. A capital name such as UEA is read letter by letter, with the names of the letters.
Examples (5)
- Ni parolis pri muziko, ludoj, vojaĝoj k.t.p.
We talked about music, games, trips and so on.
K.t.p. stands for kaj tiel plu and ends the list.
- Mi ŝatas fruktojn, ekz. pomojn kaj pirojn.
I like fruit, for example apples and pears.
Ekz. is one shortened word with one stop.
- Wei estas membro de UEA kaj ofte iras al la UK.
Wei is a member of UEA and often goes to the World Congress.
UEA and UK are names in capitals without stops; here UK is the World Congress.
- Ni renkontiĝos dimanĉe, t.e. morgaŭ.
We will meet on Sunday, that is, tomorrow.
T.e. stands for tio estas and explains what came before.
- Venis Ana, Kenji, Lars k.a.
Ana, Kenji, Lars and others came.
K.a. stands for kaj aliaj and refers to people.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Capital names such as UEA can be read letter by letter. Abbreviations such as k.t.p. and ekz. are read as their full words.
Related Patterns
Practice k.t.p. / ekz. / UEA in Bubblegum
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