Reflexive Verbs With се
The little word се means "oneself" (мия се, I wash myself) or is simply part of the verb (смея се, I laugh). It stays the same for every person: аз се смея, ти се смееш.
How It Works
1. Three kinds of се verbs.
- An action on yourself: мия се (wash), обличам се (get dressed), къпя се (bathe, shower). Compare мия чиниите (I wash the dishes).
- Each other: срещаме се (we meet), обичат се (they love each other). See reciprocal се.
- A fixed part of the verb: смея се (laugh), надявам се (hope), радвам се (be glad), страхувам се (be afraid), връщам се (come back), казвам се (be called). These verbs have no "self" meaning; се is simply required.
2. One form for everyone. Се does not change with the person: аз се смея, ти се смееш, той се смее, ние се смеем.
3. Where се goes. Се is a short, unstressed word (see placement of short forms):
- Verb first: Казвам се Петър. Върнах се вкъщи.
- Something before the verb: Аз се казвам Петър. Как се казваш?
- After не, да, ще: Не се страхувай! Искам да се върна. Ще се видим утре.
- With ли, the verb comes first: Радваш ли се? (Are you glad?)
4. Leaving out се changes the meaning. Казвам alone means "I say"; казвам се means "I am called". Връщам means "I give back"; връщам се means "I come back".
Examples (6)
- Казвам се Петър.
My name is Petar.
Word by Word: I-call myself Petar.
The verb comes first, so се follows it.
- Всяка сутрин се къпя и се обличам.
Every morning I shower and get dressed.
Се comes before each verb because something precedes it.
- Смеем се на шегата ти.
We are laughing at your joke.
Смея се has no "self" meaning; се is part of the verb.
- Не се страхувай!
Don't be afraid!
After не, се goes before the verb.
- Ще се върна в шест.
I will be back at six.
After ще, се goes before the verb.
- Радвам се да те видя.
I'm glad to see you.
Common Mistakes
Starting a sentence with се.
Се казвам Мария.Казвам се Мария.Се is unstressed and can never be the first word. When the verb starts the sentence, се comes right after it.
Leaving out се.
Казвам Мария.Казвам се Мария.Without се, the sentence means "I say Maria". The verb for "to be called" is казвам се.
Putting се after the verb when не comes first.
Не страхувам се.Не се страхувам.After не, the short word се goes between не and the verb.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Reflexive verbs with се generalize казвам се.
Related Patterns
- Reflexive Verbs With си
The dative partner of се, used for doing something for yourself.
Level 2 - Placement of Short Pronouns
Се follows the same placement rules as the other short pronouns.
Level 2 - се for Each OtherEach Other with Се
Се can also mean "each other".
Level 3 - Impersonal се
Се also builds impersonal sentences such as Тук се пуши.
Level 3 - себе сиThe Reflexive Pronoun Себе Си
The full, stressed reflexive pronoun used for emphasis or after prepositions.
Level 3
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.