ы / і
The Letters Ы and І
Ы comes after a hard consonant: мы (we), сыр (cheese). І comes after a soft consonant or at the start of a word: ліс (fox), імя (name).
How It Works
Write і:
- at the start of a word: імя (name), іншы (other);
- after a soft consonant: ліс (fox), сіні (blue), кіно (cinema), дзіця (child), ціха (quietly).
Write ы:
- after a hard consonant: мы (we), сыр (cheese), быў (was);
- always after ж, ш, ч, р, дж and the hard ц: жыць (to live), шыя (neck), чытаць (to read), рыба (fish), тры (three), цырк (circus), вуліцы (streets), джынсы (jeans). See цвёрдыя ж ш ч р ц.
After г, к and х you normally write і: кнігі (books), хімія (chemistry).
A letter ц before і is a different, soft sound that comes from т: ціха (Russian тихо). See цеканне і дзеканне.
After a prefix that ends in a consonant, the і at the start of the root usually becomes ы: ісці (to go) → падысці (to approach), абысці (to go around), сысці (to go down). A separate word keeps its і, even after a preposition: з Іванам (with Ivan).
The same choice shows up in endings. Hard stems take -ы and soft or г/к/х stems take -і: сталы (tables), кнігі (books). See множны лік назоўнікаў.
Examples (6)
- Мы любім сыр.
We love cheese.
Word by Word: We love cheese.
Ы follows the hard м and с; і follows the soft б in любім.
- У лесе жыве ліс.
A fox lives in the forest.
Word by Word: In forest lives fox.
Ж is always hard, so жыве has ы. Л in ліс is soft, so it takes і.
- Дзеці глядзяць кіно.
The children are watching a movie.
Word by Word: Children watch movie.
І follows the soft ц in дзеці and the к in кіно.
- На вуліцы тры машыны.
There are three cars on the street.
Word by Word: On street three cars.
Ц, р and ш are hard, so вуліцы, тры and машыны all take ы.
- Мая сястра чытае кнігі.
My sister reads books.
Word by Word: My sister reads books.
Ч is always hard, so чытае has ы. After г, кнігі has і.
- Можна падысці бліжэй?
May I come closer?
Word by Word: Possible to-approach closer?
Ісці becomes падысці after the prefix пад-.
Common Mistakes
Writing і after ж, ш or ч.
Я хачу жіць у Мінску.Я хачу жыць у Мінску.Ж is always hard, so it is always followed by ы.
Writing і after the hard ц.
Мы ідзём у цірк.Мы ідзём у цырк.The ц in цырк is the hard ц, so write ы. Ці is only for the soft sound that comes from т, as in ціха.
Keeping і after a prefix.
Можна падісці бліжэй?Можна падысці бліжэй?After the prefix пад-, the і of ісці is written ы.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The two vowel letters come from the alphabet.
Related Patterns
- Always-Hard ж, ш, ч, р, цAlways-Hard Ж, Ш, Ч, Р and Ц
Lists the consonants that are always followed by ы.
Level 1 - Tsekanye and Dzekanye
Explains the soft ц and дз before і.
Level 1 - The Soft Sign ьThe Soft Sign
Another way the spelling shows a soft consonant.
Level 1 - Noun Plural
Plural endings choose -ы or -і by the same rule.
Level 1