Noun Plural
Use -ы after a hard consonant and -і after a soft one or г, к, х: студэнт → студэнты, кніга → кнігі, конь → коні.
How It Works
Which ending?
- -ы after a hard consonant, including ж, ш, ч, р and ц: студэнт → студэнты, школа → школы, нож → нажы (knives), сястра → сёстры (sisters), вуліца → вуліцы (streets)
- -і after a soft consonant: дзень → дні, конь → коні, песня → песні, поле → палі
- -і after г, к, х: кніга → кнігі, рука → рукі, муха → мухі, парк → паркі
- -і after -й, which drops: музей → музеі, трамвай → трамваі
No -а plurals. Belarusian masculine nouns do not take a stressed -а plural like Russian дома or города: дом → дамы́ (houses), горад → гарады́ (cities), лес → лясы́ (forests).
Neuter nouns also take -ы/-і: слова → словы, акно → вокны, пытанне → пытанні. In вокны a в- appears at the start; see added sounds.
Moving stress changes vowels. The spelling follows the new stress: стол → сталы́, вада́ → во́ды, вясна́ → вёсны. A vowel can also drop out: дзень → дні, сябар → сябры, агурок → агуркі (cucumbers).
Special plurals. A few everyday nouns have irregular plurals: чалавек → людзі, дзіця → дзеці, вока → вочы (irregular plurals). Some nouns exist only in the plural: дзверы (door), грошы (money) (plural-only nouns).
Agreement. Plural adjectives end in -ыя/-ія, and the possessive is мае, твае for every gender: новыя кнігі, мае сябры. The pronoun is яны.
Examples (6)
- Мае сябры жывуць у Мінску.
My friends live in Minsk.
Word by Word: My friends live in Minsk.
Сябар → сябры: -ы is added and the vowel а drops out.
- На стале ляжаць кнігі.
There are books on the table.
Word by Word: On table lie books.
After г the plural ending is -і: кнігі.
- Зімой дні кароткія.
In winter the days are short.
Word by Word: In-winter days short.
Дзень → дні: the soft н takes -і, and the vowel е drops out.
- Адчыні вокны, калі ласка.
Please open the windows.
Word by Word: Open windows, please.
Акно → вокны: the stress moves to the first syllable, and a в- appears.
- Гэта старыя гарады.
These are old cities.
Word by Word: These old cities.
Горад → гарады, with -ы. Belarusian has no -а plural here.
- Гэтыя словы новыя для мяне.
These words are new to me.
Word by Word: These words new for me.
The neuter noun слова takes -ы too: словы.
Common Mistakes
Using a Russian-style -а plural.
Тут новыя дома.Тут новыя дамы.Belarusian дом makes its plural with -ы: дамы. The first vowel is written а because it is unstressed.
Writing -ы after г, к or х.
На стале кнігы.На стале кнігі.After г, к and х the plural ending is -і: кнігі, рукі, паркі.
Keeping the о when the stress moves.
Новыя столы.Новыя сталы.In the plural the stress falls on the ending, so the unstressed о is written а.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The plural builds on gender.
Related Patterns
- Irregular Plurals
Nouns like чалавек → людзі with irregular plurals.
Level 2 - Plural-Only Nouns
Nouns like дзверы that have no singular.
Level 3 - Akanye: Unstressed о and э Written as а
Why стол becomes сталы.
Level 1 - Adjective Agreement
Plural adjectives end in -ыя/-ія.
Level 1 - Genitive Plural Endings
The genitive plural, used after numbers and quantity words.
Level 2