derhalwe/gevolglik
Formal Therefore: Derhalwe and Gevolglik
Link a cause to its result: Die pad is gesluit; gevolglik moet ons omry. (The road is closed; consequently we must make a detour.)
How It Works
1. Meaning.
- derhalwe = therefore, for that reason. It is very formal and common in legal and official texts.
- gevolglik = consequently, as a result. It is common in reports and news.
In everyday speech, use daarom or dus.
2. Verb second. In first place they follow the verb-second rule: Gevolglik het petrolpryse gestyg.
3. After the verb. They often stand in the middle of the clause, especially after en: Die aansoek is laat ingedien en word derhalwe nie oorweeg nie.
4. Not the same as as gevolg van. Gevolglik links two clauses. As gevolg van is a preposition meaning "because of" and comes before a noun: as gevolg van die reën.
Tip: in formal writing a semicolon often comes before derhalwe or gevolglik.
Examples (5)
- Die pad is gesluit; gevolglik moet ons omry.
The road is closed; consequently, we have to take a detour.
Word by Word: The road is closed; consequently must we around-drive.
- Die aansoek is laat ingedien en word derhalwe nie oorweeg nie.
The application was submitted late and will therefore not be considered.
Word by Word: The application is late submitted and is therefore not considered not.
Here derhalwe comes after the verb word.
- Daar was te min lede teenwoordig. Die vergadering kon derhalwe nie voortgaan nie.
Too few members were present. The meeting therefore could not go ahead.
Word by Word: There were too few members present. The meeting could therefore not continue not.
- Die rand het verswak. Gevolglik het petrolpryse gestyg.
The rand weakened. As a result, petrol prices rose.
Word by Word: The rand has weakened. Consequently have petrol-prices risen.
- Hy het nie die kontrak onderteken nie en is gevolglik nie aan die voorwaardes gebonde nie.
He did not sign the contract and is consequently not bound by its terms.
Word by Word: He has not the contract signed not and is consequently not to the conditions bound not.
Common Mistakes
Keeping the subject before the verb after gevolglik.
Die pad is gesluit; gevolglik ons moet omry.Die pad is gesluit; gevolglik moet ons omry.Gevolglik takes first place, so the verb moet comes next and the subject ons follows.
Using gevolglik before a noun, where "because of" is meant.
Gevolglik die reën is die wedstryd gekanselleer.As gevolg van die reën is die wedstryd gekanselleer.Gevolglik links two clauses and means "as a result". Before a noun, use the preposition as gevolg van (because of).
How It Connects
Learn This First
Derhalwe and gevolglik are formal words like daarom.
Related Patterns
- Verb Second After a Fronted Word
Derhalwe and gevolglik in first place bring the verb forward.
Level 2 - weens/as gevolg vanBecause of
As gevolg van means "because of" and goes before a noun. Gevolglik links two clauses.
Level 4 - nogtans/nieteminNevertheless
Formal linking words for contrast, used in the same positions.
Level 5 - aangesienSince (Reason): Aangesien
Aangesien gives the reason in a subordinate clause, with the verb at the end.
Level 4 - Formal Written Afrikaans
Derhalwe especially marks formal and official writing.
Level 5
Words in This Pattern
Practice derhalwe/gevolglik in Bubblegum
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