Sut mae? / Shwmae?

Saying hello:

• Sut mae? — Hi, how's it going? (to anyone)
• Shwmae! — Hi! (South, informal). The Northern equivalent is Su'mae.
• Sut wyt ti? — How are you? (to someone you call ti)
• Sut dych chi? — How are you? (to someone you call chi; North: Sut dach chi?)
• Sut mae'n mynd? — How's it going?

You can also greet by the time of day: Bore da (Good morning), Prynhawn da (Good afternoon), Noswaith dda (Good evening). Nos da (Good night) is for saying goodbye at night.

Answering:

• Da iawn, diolch. — Very well, thanks. (See Very: Adjective + Iawn.)
• Iawn, diolch. — Fine, thanks.
• Ddim yn ddrwg. — Not bad.
• Wedi blino. — Tired.

Asking back: A chi? (And you?) to someone you call chi. To someone you call ti, everyday speech says A ti?; careful Welsh adds the change after a (and) and says A thi? See And: A and Ac.

Sut (how) is followed by the ordinary forms of bod, like mae; see Basic Question Words. For choosing between ti and chi, see Familiar Ti and Polite Chi.