pawb / popeth / pob / i gyd
Everyone, Everything, Every, All
Four useful words: pawb (everyone), popeth (everything), pob (every) and i gyd (all).
How It Works
Pawb — everyone. Mae pawb yn hoffi Siân (Everyone likes Siân). The verb is mae, never maen; see mae with noun subjects. After words that cause soft mutation, pawb becomes bawb: Diolch i bawb (Thanks, everyone), Bore da, bawb! (Good morning, everyone!).
Popeth — everything. Mae popeth yn barod (Everything is ready). It softens to bopeth: Diolch am bopeth (Thanks for everything). You will also hear pob dim with the same meaning.
Pob — every, each. Pob comes before a singular noun and causes no mutation: pob plentyn, pob tro (every time), pob un (every one). When a time phrase with pob is used as an adverb, pob itself softens to bob: bob dydd (every day), bob bore (every morning). See adverbial soft mutation.
I gyd — all. I gyd comes after the noun or pronoun: y plant i gyd (all the children), ni i gyd (all of us), Dewch i gyd! (Come, all of you!). In the North, the y in gyd sounds like ee.
For someone, something, nobody and nothing, see rhywun rhywbeth neb dim byd.
Examples (6)
- Mae pawb yn hoffi Siân.
Everyone likes Siân.
Pawb takes mae, not maen.
- Diolch am bopeth!
Thanks for everything!
Am softens popeth to bopeth.
- Mae pob plentyn yn cael anrheg.
Every child gets a present.
Pob + singular noun, with no mutation.
- Dw i'n mynd i'r gampfa bob bore.
I go to the gym every morning.
As a time adverb, pob softens to bob.
- Mae'r plant i gyd yn cysgu.
All the children are asleep.
I gyd follows the noun.
- Bore da, bawb!
Good morning, everyone!
Pawb softens to bawb when you speak to people directly.
Common Mistakes
Using maen with pawb.
Maen pawb yn hapus.Mae pawb yn hapus.Pawb is a single word used like a noun, so the verb is mae. Maen goes only with nhw.
Putting a plural noun after pob.
pob plantpob plentynPob means "every", so it takes a singular noun, as in English: every child.
How It Connects
Related Patterns
- mae + Noun SubjectMae with Any Noun Subject
Pawb and popeth take the singular verb mae.
Level 1 - Soft Mutation in Time Phrases
Why pob becomes bob in bob dydd.
Level 3 - rhywun / rhywbeth / neb / dim bydSomeone, Nobody, Something, Nothing
Someone, something, nobody, nothing.
Level 3 - Addressing People: Vocative Mutation
Why we say Bore da, bawb!
Level 4 - am, ar, at, dan, dros, drwy, gan, heb, i, o, wrth + Soft MutationSoft Mutation After Prepositions
Diolch am bopeth, i bawb: prepositions soften these words.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice pawb / popeth / pob / i gyd in Bubblegum
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