lăm
Five After Ten
In Vietnamese, the number 5 is usually năm. But when 5 comes right after a tens word (like 10, 20, 30), it changes to lăm.
How It Works
When counting in Vietnamese, the number 5 is năm. However, when 5 is the final digit in a two-digit grouping and immediately follows a tens marker (mười or mươi), it must be pronounced as lăm.
- 15 = mười lăm
- 25 = hai mươi lăm
- 35 = ba mươi lăm
- 55 = năm mươi lăm
- ...up to 95 (chín mươi lăm)
Why does this happen?
The word năm has two common meanings: 'five' and 'year'. If you say mười năm, it sounds like 'ten years' and can cause confusion if the context isn't perfectly clear. By changing the sound to lăm, you make it perfectly clear that you are stating a number.
Casual Speech:
In everyday spoken Vietnamese, the word mươi is often dropped for numbers 25 and above. This results in shorter forms like hai lăm (25), ba lăm (35), and năm lăm (55).
Important Exceptions:
This rule only applies when 5 follows a tens marker. For numbers like 105 or 1005, the 5 follows a zero-marker (lẻ in the South, linh in the North). Because it doesn't follow a tens marker, it stays as năm (e.g., một trăm lẻ năm).
Dialect Note: In Northern Vietnamese, you will often hear nhăm instead of lăm for numbers 25 and above (e.g., hai mươi nhăm). While 15 is standardly mười lăm, you may also hear mười nhăm in some regional or casual dialects.
Examples (4)
- Tôi năm nay hai mươi lăm tuổi.
I am twenty-five years old this year.
Word by Word: I year this two tens five age.
Notice how 'hai mươi lăm' is used for 25.
- Cô ấy đã làm việc ở đây mười lăm năm.
She has worked here for fifteen years.
Word by Word: She already do work at here ten five year.
This perfectly shows the contrast: 'lăm' is the number 15, and 'năm' is the word for years.
- Cái áo này giá ba mươi lăm ngàn.
This shirt costs thirty-five thousand.
Word by Word: Item shirt this price three tens five thousand.
Used in everyday prices: 35 is 'ba mươi lăm'.
- Lớp học có bốn mươi lăm học sinh.
The class has forty-five students.
Word by Word: Class study have four tens five study student.
Used for counting people: 45 is 'bốn mươi lăm'.
Common Mistakes
Saying 'mười năm' when you mean '15'.
Tôi mua cái này mười năm ngàn.Tôi mua cái này mười lăm ngàn.Native speakers will hear 'mười năm' as '10 years'. To say '15', you must use 'mười lăm'.
Using 'lăm' for numbers like 105 where the 5 doesn't follow a tens marker.
Phòng của tôi là một trăm lẻ lăm.Phòng của tôi là một trăm lẻ năm.'Lăm' is only used immediately after a tens marker (mười, mươi). For 105, the 5 follows 'lẻ' (or 'linh'), so it stays as 'năm'.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand why 'năm' changes to 'lăm', a learner first needs to be familiar with basic counting and the concept that Vietnamese words are composed of separate syllables that can change sound based on their position in a compound number.
- Counting Frame
Understanding how numbers are used in basic counting frames is necessary before learning specific phonetic variations of those numbers.
Level 1 - Syllables Are Written Separately
Since 'lăm' is a separate syllable used to form compound numbers, the learner must understand that Vietnamese syllables are written separately.
Foundations
Related Patterns
- mươiTens
Lăm is used specifically after mười and mươi to form numbers like 15 and 25.
Level 1 - mốtOne in Twenty-One and Up
Just like năm changes to lăm, một (1) changes to mốt in numbers 21 and above.
Level 1 - tưFour in Twenty-Four and Up
Similar to lăm, bốn (4) often changes to tư in numbers 24 and above.
Level 1