hatto
Even
hatto + word + ham = even: Hatto bolalar ham buni biladi. (Even children know this.)
How It Works
1. The pattern
hatto + stressed word + ham. The whole group stands where that word would normally stand:
- Hatto bolalar ham buni biladi. (Even children know this.)
- U hatto yakshanba kuni ham ishlaydi. (He works even on Sundays.)
2. Not even
If the verb is negative, the meaning becomes not even. The negative stays on the verb, as usual:
- U hatto rahmat ham demadi. (He didn't even say thank you.)
- Hatto onasi ham uni tanimadi. (Not even his mother recognised him.)
3. Is ham required?
Ham is very common, but it is not a strict rule. When you are unsure, add it. On its own, Also, Too can already mean even in a negative sentence: Bir soʻz ham demadi. (He didn't say a single word.) Hatto makes the surprise stronger.
4. Even if is different
For even if, the verb needs Even If: Yomgʻir yogʻsa ham, boraman. (Even if it rains, I'll go.) Hatto alone cannot turn a sentence into a condition.
5. Compare
Not Only ... But Also adds an unexpected item after another one. Only does the opposite: it narrows instead of widening.
Examples (6)
- Hatto bolalar ham buni biladi.
Even children know this.
Word by Word: even children also this-(object) knows
- U hatto yakshanba kuni ham ishlaydi.
He works even on Sundays.
- U hatto rahmat ham demadi.
He didn't even say thank you.
With a negative verb, hatto ... ham means not even.
- Soʻzlarni yodladim, hatto eng qiyinlarini ham.
I learned the words by heart, even the hardest ones.
- Oʻzbekistonda hatto qishda ham quyosh koʻp boʻladi.
In Uzbekistan there is a lot of sun even in winter.
- Charchaganimdan hatto ovqat ham yemadim.
I was so tired that I didn't even eat.
Word by Word: being-tired-my-from even food also I-didn't-eat
Common Mistakes
Negating the verb with emas.
U hatto rahmat ham dedi emas.U hatto rahmat ham demadi.Hatto does not change how you negate a verb. Put -ma- in the verb: demadi.
Using hatto alone to mean even if.
Hatto yomgʻir yogʻadi, boraman.Yomgʻir yogʻsa ham, boraman.Even if needs the -sa ham ending on the verb. Hatto only stresses a word; it cannot make a condition.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on Even If.
Related Patterns
- hamAlso, Too
The word that usually follows the stressed word: hatto ... ham.
Level 1 - faqatOnly
Only, which narrows where hatto widens.
Level 2 - nafaqat ... balki ... hamNot Only ... but Also
Not only ... but also, which also adds a surprising item.
Level 4 - hech kim / hech narsa / hech qachonNobody, Nothing, Never
Nobody, nothing and never, which also go with a negative verb.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice hatto in Bubblegum
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