-sadaa

Acting for Oneself

Level 5

Kariyaa ‘cooks’ → karsadaa ‘cooks for oneself’.

How It Works

Autobenefactive derivation adds a t-related element; some verbs also contain s. The reference distinguishes forms in -staa after vowels and -sadaa after consonants. Learn the complete lexical pair, such as kariyaa → karsadaa, ‘cooks → cooks for oneself’.

These third-conjugation verbs have consonant and vowel stems. Karsadaa means ‘I cook for myself’ or ‘he cooks for himself’; karsataa means ‘you cook for yourself’ or ‘she cooks for herself’. Compare karsannaa, ‘we cook for ourselves’, and infinitive karsan.

Benefit is a usual meaning, not a requirement for every lexical item: joogsadaa means ‘stops’, while u fiirsadaa means ‘observes’. Preserve its u. The separate object pronoun is expresses reflexive or reciprocal reference; autobenefactive derivation does not automatically replace it.

Examples (3)

  1. Waxaan karsaday bariis.

    I cooked rice for myself.

    Rice remains the object; the speaker benefits from the cooking.

  2. Maryan waxay kaydsatay lacag.

    Maryan put money aside for herself.

    Kaydsatay is the feminine past form of kaydsadaa ‘keeps, stores’.

  3. Cali wuxuu u fiirsaday sawirka.

    Ali examined the picture.

    The established observing verb retains its preposition u.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-sadaaLevel 5Acting for Oneself

Learn This First

Recognize -o-class inflection before learning attested autobenefactive derivation in -sadaa.

Words in This Pattern

u