teda / takže / čiže
So and That Is
Takže prídeš? (So you are coming?) draws a conclusion. Príde v utorok, čiže o dva dni. (He is coming on Tuesday, that is, in two days.) restates it.
How It Works
Takže: so. Takže has two uses.
- It joins a result to its cause, with a comma before it: Pršalo, takže sme zostali doma. (It was raining, so we stayed at home.)
- At the start of a sentence, mostly in conversation, it sums up or checks a conclusion: Takže prídeš v sobotu? (So you are coming on Saturday?)
Teda: then, so. Teda draws a conclusion from what was said and is often placed inside the sentence: Nemáš čas? Prídem teda zajtra. (You do not have time? Then I will come tomorrow.) It is common in set phrases such as Tak teda dobre. (All right then.) Like čiže, teda can also mean "that is" in an explanation.
Čiže: that is, in other words. Čiže does not add anything new. It says the same thing another way: Učíme sa genitív, čiže druhý pád. (We are learning the genitive, in other words the second case.)
Takže and tak, že. Written as one word, takže means "so, and as a result". Written as two words, tak, že means "in such a way that": Hovoril tak, že mu nikto nerozumel. (He spoke in such a way that nobody understood him.)
Commas. Put a comma before takže when it joins two clauses, and before čiže or teda when they add an explanation. See commas before conjunctions. For other ways to give a result, see preto and tak.
Examples (6)
- Pršalo, takže sme zostali doma.
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
Word by Word: It-rained, so we-stayed at-home.
- Takže prídeš v sobotu?
So you're coming on Saturday?
Word by Word: So you-will-come on Saturday?
- Nemáš čas? Prídem teda zajtra.
You don't have time? Then I'll come tomorrow.
Word by Word: Not-you-have time? I-will-come then tomorrow.
- Tak teda dobre, ideme.
All right then, let's go.
Word by Word: So then good, we-go.
- Príde v utorok, čiže o dva dni.
He's coming on Tuesday, that is, in two days.
Word by Word: He-will-come on Tuesday, that-is in two days.
- Učíme sa genitív, čiže druhý pád.
We're learning the genitive, in other words the second case.
Word by Word: We-learn self genitive, that-is second case.
Common Mistakes
Leaving out the comma before takže.
Pršalo takže sme zostali doma.Pršalo, takže sme zostali doma.When takže joins a result clause, a comma comes before it.
Writing takže as two words when you mean "so".
Hovoril potichu, tak že mu nikto nerozumel.Hovoril potichu, takže mu nikto nerozumel.For "so, as a result", write takže as one word. Tak, že means "in such a way that".
How It Connects
Learn This First
Before So and That Is, learn So and Therefore. teda and takže draw conclusions, like preto and tak.
Related Patterns
- totižYou See: Totiž
Goes the other way: it gives the reason after the fact.
Level 4 - a toNamely: A to
Also adds a more precise detail, close to čiže.
Level 6 - Commas Before Conjunctions
Explains the comma before takže and čiže.
Level 4 - keďžeSince: Keďže
Gives the reason first; takže gives the result after.
Level 4
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.