anggapan bahawa
The Assumption That
Anggapan bahawa is a formal way to frame a statement as a subjective belief or hypothesis rather than a proven fact. It translates to 'the assumption that...' or 'the belief that...'
How It Works
In formal Malay, anggapan bahawa functions as a complex noun phrase. It is particularly common in academic, legal, and journalistic registers.
1. Syntactic Structure:
The word anggapan is a noun derived from the root anggap (to consider) with the -an suffix. It must be followed by bahawa to link it to a subordinate clause. Without bahawa, the sentence becomes grammatically incomplete in formal writing. If you wish to link the noun to a simple object rather than a clause, use the preposition tentang (e.g., anggapan tentang risiko itu).
2. Nuance and Synonyms:
Unlike fakta bahawa (the fact that), which presents information as objective truth, anggapan bahawa signals that the information is a premise or a subjective thought. In highly technical or research contexts, you may encounter the synonym andaian bahawa (the hypothesis/assumption that), which is used to frame a formal premise for an argument.
3. Register:
This is a Level 5 (Advanced) construction. In casual conversation, speakers rarely use this noun phrase, preferring verbs like ingat (thought) or sangka (guessed). In writing, however, it is a standard tool for framing arguments and discussing public perceptions.
Examples (4)
- Anggapan bahawa semua pelajar cemerlang akan berjaya dalam kerjaya tidak selalunya tepat.
The assumption that all excellent students will succeed in their careers is not always accurate.
Word by Word: Assumption that all student excellent will succeed in career not always accurate.
Here, 'anggapan bahawa' introduces the specific belief being discussed as the subject of the sentence.
- Pihak mahkamah menolak anggapan bahawa undang-undang tersebut mempunyai kesan retrospektif.
The court rejected the assumption that the law has a retrospective effect.
Word by Word: Side court reject assumption that law mentioned have effect retrospective.
This example demonstrates the pattern in a formal legal context, where a specific premise is being evaluated.
- Kajian ini mencabar anggapan bahawa faktor genetik merupakan penentu utama tingkah laku manusia.
This study challenges the assumption that genetic factors are the primary determinant of human behavior.
Word by Word: Study this challenge assumption that factor genetic is determinant main behavior human.
In scientific discourse, this phrase is used to frame a hypothesis or a common belief that is being tested.
- Kita harus mengikis anggapan tentang perkara itu sebelum membuat keputusan.
We must erode the assumptions about that matter before making a decision.
Word by Word: We must erode assumption about matter that before make decision.
This shows the use of 'tentang' (about) instead of 'bahawa' when the complement is a simple noun phrase ('perkara itu') rather than a clause.
Common Mistakes
Using 'anggapan' as a verb instead of a noun.
Saya anggapan bahawa dia akan datang.Saya menganggap bahawa dia akan datang.Anggapan is a noun. If you want to say 'I assume...', you must use the verbal form 'menganggap'.
Omitting the mandatory complementizer 'bahawa' in formal writing.
Anggapan dia kaya adalah salah.Anggapan bahawa dia kaya adalah salah.In formal Malay, the word 'bahawa' is required to link the noun 'anggapan' to the clause that follows it.
Confusing 'anggapan' with 'tanggapan'.
Tanggapan bahawa ekonomi akan pulih adalah meleset.Anggapan bahawa ekonomi akan pulih adalah meleset.While often confused, 'tanggapan' refers to a sensory perception or impression, whereas 'anggapan' refers to a cognitive assumption or hypothesis.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand 'anggapan bahawa', a learner must first be familiar with the conjunction 'bahawa' (that) and how it is used to create content clauses that follow a noun to provide specific information about that noun.
Related Patterns
- bahawaContent Clauses with Bahawa
The essential complementizer used to link the head noun 'anggapan' to its content clause.
Level 2 - fakta bahawaThe Fact That
A similar formal construction, but used for objective facts rather than subjective assumptions.
Level 5 - kemungkinan bahawaThe Possibility That
Another formal noun phrase construction used to discuss 'the possibility that...'.
Level 5 - -anResult or Object Nouns with -an
The suffix used to turn the verb 'anggap' (to consider) into the noun 'anggapan' (assumption).
Level 2 - meN-Active Transitive Verbs with MeN-
The verbal counterpart 'menganggap' (to assume/consider) uses the meN- prefix to function as a transitive verb.
Level 2 - tentangAbout with Tentang
Used instead of 'bahawa' when the assumption refers to a simple noun phrase rather than a full clause.
Level 1
Words in This Pattern
Practice anggapan bahawa in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Malay lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
