Regular Participles: ge- ... -t
Regular Past Participles: Ge- ... -t
ge- + stem + -t: spillen → gespillt (played).
How It Works
1. The pattern
- spillen → gespillt (played)
- schaffen → geschafft (worked)
- kucken → gekuckt (watched)
- wunnen → gewunnt (lived)
- léieren → geléiert (learned)
- danzen → gedanzt (danced)
- kachen → gekacht (cooked)
- froen → gefrot (asked)
Use it with hunn or, for verbs of movement and change, with sinn.
2. Spelling follows the sound
- A stem ending in w writes f before -t: liewen → gelieft, gleewen → gegleeft. See W Becomes F.
- A stem ending in d merges with -t: waarden → gewaart (waited).
3. When the pattern changes
- Verbs in -éieren and verbs with be-, ver- or er- have no ge-: studéiert, bezuelt. See Participles Without Ge-.
- Separable verbs put ge- after the prefix: ukucken → ugekuckt. See Participles of Separable Verbs.
- Many very common verbs are irregular: iessen → giess, maachen → gemaach (also written gemaacht). See Irregular Past Participles.
Examples (6)
- D'Kanner hunn am Gaart gespillt.
The children played in the garden.
- Ech hunn haut laang geschafft.
I worked for a long time today.
Schaffen → geschafft: the stem already ends in f, and -t is added.
- Hues du de Film gekuckt?
Did you watch the film?
- Mir hunn zwee Joer zu Esch gewunnt.
We lived in Esch for two years.
- Hatt huet Lëtzebuergesch geléiert.
She learned Luxembourgish.
- Si hunn zu Paräis gelieft.
They lived in Paris.
Liewen → gelieft: w becomes f before -t.
Common Mistakes
Leaving out ge-.
Ech hunn Tennis spillt.Ech hunn Tennis gespillt.Spillen is stressed on its first syllable, so its participle needs ge-.
Ending a regular participle in -en.
Mir hunn de ganzen Dag geschaffen.Mir hunn de ganzen Dag geschafft.Regular verbs end their participle in -t.
Keeping w before -t.
Si hunn zu Paräis geliewt.Si hunn zu Paräis gelieft.Before t, the w of liewen is written f.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Before Regular Past Participles: Ge- ... -t, learn Perfect Tense With Hunn.
Related Patterns
- Irregular Past Participles
Common verbs that do not follow ge- ... -t.
Level 2 - Participles Without ge-
Verbs that take -t but no ge-.
Level 2 - Participles of Separable Verbs
Where ge- goes in a separable verb.
Level 2 - w Becomes fW Becomes F: Du Schreifs
Explains gelieft and gegleeft.
Level 2 - Perfect-Tense Auxiliary: sinnPerfect Tense with Sinn
Regular participles also appear with sinn.
Level 2
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Practice Regular Participles: ge- ... -t in Bubblegum
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