Adjectives: -ingas, -uotas
Adjectives in -ingas and -uotas
Two suffixes build adjectives meaning having. -ingas means having a lot of something: laimė → laimingas (happiness → happy), nauda → naudingas (benefit → useful). -uotas or -otas means having or covered with something you can see: debesis → debesuotas (cloudy), barzda → barzdotas (bearded).
How It Works
-ingas, -inga: full of, rich in
- laimė → laimingas (happy), turtas → turtingas (rich)
- protas → protingas (clever), sėkmė → sėkmingas (successful)
- pavojus → pavojingas (dangerous), nauda → naudingas (useful)
-uotas, -uota and -otas, -ota: having, covered with
- debesis → debesuotas (cloudy), kalnas → kalnuotas (mountainous)
- dryžis → dryžuotas (striped), languotas (checked)
- barzda → barzdotas (bearded), ragas → raguotas (horned)
Weather and states
The neuter form works on its own for weather: Rytoj bus debesuota. (It will be cloudy tomorrow.) See Neuter Words for States.
Opposites
Many of these adjectives take ne- for the opposite: nelaimingas (unhappy), nenaudingas (useless). See Negating Adjectives and Adverbs.
Nouns from them
Replace the adjective ending with -umas to get a noun for the quality: naudingas → naudingumas (usefulness). See Abstract Nouns.
Examples (6)
- Ji atrodo labai laiminga.
She looks very happy.
Word by Word: She looks very happy.
- Tai labai naudinga knyga.
This is a very useful book.
Word by Word: This very useful book.
- Rytoj bus debesuota.
It will be cloudy tomorrow.
Word by Word: Tomorrow will-be cloudy.
- Prie durų stovėjo barzdotas vyras.
A bearded man was standing by the door.
Word by Word: By door stood bearded man.
- Man patinka languoti marškiniai.
I like checked shirts.
Word by Word: To-me are-pleasing checked shirts.
- Lietuva nėra kalnuotas kraštas.
Lithuania is not a mountainous country.
Word by Word: Lithuania is-not mountainous land.
Common Mistakes
Using the noun where the adjective is needed.
Jis labai laimė.Jis labai laimingas.Laimė is the noun happiness. To describe a person, use the adjective laimingas.
Forgetting plural agreement.
Vaikai buvo laimingas.Vaikai buvo laimingi.The subject is plural and masculine, so the adjective ends in -i: laimingi.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The suffixes -ingas and -uotas form adjectives describing qualities or features.
Related Patterns
- Adjectives: -inis, -iškasAdjectives in -inis and -iškas
Two more suffixes that build adjectives from nouns.
Level 5 - Adjective Agreement
These adjectives agree with their noun in gender, number and case.
Level 1 - šalta / gražuNeuter Words for States
The neuter debesuota and other state words used without a subject.
Level 2 - Abstract Nouns: -umas, -ybė, -ystėAbstract Nouns
-umas turns these adjectives into nouns: naudingumas.
Level 5 - ne- + adjective or adverbNegating Adjectives and Adverbs
Ne- gives the opposite: nelaimingas, nenaudingas.
Level 2 - pilnas + genitiveAdjectives That Take the Genitive
Another way to say full of something, with a genitive.
Level 6
Practice Adjectives: -ingas, -uotas in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Lithuanian lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
