tutto + Article

Unlike most Italian adjectives that follow the noun, or common adjectives that precede it, tutto sits in a special position before the article itself.

1. Agreement
It changes its ending to match the noun:

• Tutto (Masculine Singular): tutto il pane (all the bread)
• Tutta (Feminine Singular): tutta la notte (the whole night)
• Tutti (Masculine Plural): tutti i ragazzi (all the boys)
• Tutte (Feminine Plural): tutte le macchine (all the cars)

2. Singular vs. Plural Meaning
When used in the singular, it refers to the entirety of one thing (the whole). When used in the plural, it refers to every member of a group (all). A common example is time expressions: tutto il giorno means 'all day' (the whole day), whereas tutti i giorni means 'every day'.

3. With Demonstratives and Possessives

• If you use demonstrative adjectives like questo or quello, tutto simply precedes the demonstrative, which takes the place of the article: tutto questo pane (all this bread).
• With possessive adjectives, the article generally remains. The standard word order is tutto + article + possessive + noun: tutti i miei amici (all my friends). However, there are common idiomatic exceptions where the article is dropped, such as è tutta colpa mia (it's all my fault) or è tutto suo padre (he is just like his father).

4. With Personal Pronouns
When used with subject pronouns or other personal pronouns, tutto precedes the pronoun directly without an article: tutti noi (all of us), tutti voi (all of you).

5. With Indefinite Articles
Tutto can also precede indefinite articles to mean 'a whole' or 'completely' for emphasis: è tutta un'altra storia (it's a whole other story), è durata tutta una vita (it lasted a whole lifetime).

6. With Numbers
To say 'both' or 'all three', use the formula tutti/tutte + e + number: tutti e due (both), tutte e tre (all three). If a noun follows the number, the article is placed after the number: tutti e due i ragazzi (both boys).

7. Proper Nouns (Cities vs. Countries)

• With cities, the article is usually omitted: tutta Roma (all of Rome).
• With countries, the article is often kept (tutta l'Italia), but it is frequently omitted in common prepositional phrases like in tutta Italia or when using elision (tutt'Italia).

8. Elision
Before a vowel, you might see tutto or tutta shortened with an apostrophe (e.g., tutt'un pezzo), though keeping the full form is also perfectly correct.

9. As a Pronoun
When tutto or tutti is used entirely on its own as a pronoun (meaning 'everything' or 'everyone'), the article is omitted because there is no noun to modify: Tutti sono qui (Everyone is here), Ho capito tutto (I understood everything).

10. Common Expressions
You will also frequently encounter tutto quanto (used for emphasis, meaning 'absolutely everything' or 'everyone') and the relative pronoun structure tutto quello che (everything that).