The Autonomous Past

Level 4

Past autonomous forms include briseadh and rinneadh. Their initial mutation behavior is not the same as ordinary personal past forms.

How It Works

Past autonomous forms include briseadh and rinneadh. Their initial mutation behavior is not the same as ordinary personal past forms.

The autonomous past has endings and initial-mutation behavior distinct from ordinary personal past forms. Briseadh begins with b in a plain affirmative even though the personal past is bhris. Learn irregular forms such as rinneadh separately.

Examples (3)

  1. Briseadh an cupán.

    The cup was broken.

  2. Rinneadh an obair inné.

    The work was done yesterday.

  3. Osclaíodh an doras.

    The door was opened.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

The Autonomous PastLevel 4

Learn This First

Move the autonomous construction into the past without copying personal past mutation.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.