The Middle-Passive Simple Past

Level 3

Many middle-passive aorists use a perfective stem followed by endings such as -ηκα, -ηκες and -ηκε.

How It Works

Many middle-passive aorists use a perfective stem followed by endings such as -ηκα, -ηκες and -ηκε.

Common stems include -θη- or alternations such as γράφτηκα. The meaning can be passive, reflexive or lexical, so a form in -ηκα is not automatically an English passive.

GreekMeaning
Το γράμμα γράφτηκε χθες.The letter was written yesterday.
Πλύθηκα.I washed myself.
Κοιμήθηκα νωρίς.I went to sleep early.

Examples (3)

  1. Το γράμμα γράφτηκε χθες.

    The letter was written yesterday.

  2. Πλύθηκα.

    I washed myself.

  3. Κοιμήθηκα νωρίς.

    I went to sleep early.

How It Connects

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The Middle-Passive Simple PastLevel 3

Learn This First

Distinguish morphological voice from meaning before reading this particular middle-passive paradigm or interpretation.

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Patterns that build on this one.