Tens and Hundreds (-kümmend, -sada)
Tens and Hundreds
20 kakskümmend, 30 kolmkümmend … 90 üheksakümmend; 100 sada, 200 kakssada … 900 üheksasada; 1000 tuhat.
How It Works
Tens
- 10 kümme, 20 kakskümmend, 30 kolmkümmend, 40 nelikümmend, 50 viiskümmend
- 60 kuuskümmend, 70 seitsekümmend, 80 kaheksakümmend, 90 üheksakümmend
Hundreds and thousands
- 100 sada, 200 kakssada, 300 kolmsada, 500 viissada, 900 üheksasada
- 1000 tuhat, 2000 kaks tuhat, 1 000 000 miljon, 2 000 000 kaks miljonit
One word or several?
Only -teist, -kümmend and -sada join the word before them. Every other part stands on its own:
- kakskümmend viis (25)
- sada seitse (107)
- nelisada kuusteist (416)
- tuhat üheksasada üheksakümmend üks (1991)
- kaks tuhat kakskümmend kuus (2026)
Counting
The noun follows the whole number in the singular partitive: sada eurot, kaks tuhat inimest. This is true even when the number ends in üks: kakskümmend üks aastat. tuhat stays tuhat after another number, but miljon behaves like a noun and becomes kaks miljonit. See number + partitive singular.
Good to know
- In fast everyday speech, -kümmend often shrinks to -kend: kakskend viis. Write kakskümmend.
- For exactly 100 you may see ükssada in contracts and bank documents. Sada is the everyday word.
- Written in digits, long numbers are grouped with spaces: 10 000, 1 300 000.
- Numbers with endings are covered in numbers in cases.
Examples (6)
- Mu vanaema on kaheksakümmend kaks aastat vana.
My grandmother is eighty-two years old.
Word by Word: my grandmother is eighty two year(PART) old
- Pilet maksab kakskümmend viis eurot.
The ticket costs twenty-five euros.
Word by Word: ticket costs twenty five euro(PART)
- Selles koolis õpib kolmsada last.
Three hundred children study at this school.
Word by Word: this(INE) school(INE) studies three-hundred child(PART)
- Raamatus on kakssada nelikümmend lehekülge.
The book has two hundred and forty pages.
Word by Word: in-book is two-hundred forty page(PART)
- Ta sündis aastal tuhat üheksasada üheksakümmend üks.
She was born in 1991.
Word by Word: she was-born in-year thousand nine-hundred ninety one
- Tartus elab umbes sada tuhat inimest.
About a hundred thousand people live in Tartu.
Word by Word: in-Tartu lives about hundred thousand person(PART)
Common Mistakes
Writing -kümmend or -sada as a separate word.
Ta on kaks kümmend aastat vana.Ta on kakskümmend aastat vana.The unit and -kümmend form one word, and so do the unit and -sada: kakskümmend, kakssada.
Joining the tens and the units into one word.
See maksab kakskümmendviis eurot.See maksab kakskümmend viis eurot.Only -teist, -kümmend and -sada are joined. The units, tuhat and miljon are separate words.
Leaving miljon in the basic form after a number.
Linnas elab kaks miljon inimest.Linnas elab kaks miljonit inimest.miljon works like a noun, so after kaks it takes the partitive: kaks miljonit. Compare kaks tuhat, where tuhat does not change.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Tens and hundreds build on the units.
Related Patterns
- Teens with -teist
The teens fill the gap between kümme and kakskümmend.
Level 1 - Counting Takes the Partitive
Big numbers count nouns in the singular partitive too.
Level 1 - Ordinal Numbers
Ordinals such as kahekümnes (20th) are built from these numbers.
Level 2 - Saying the Date and Year
Years like 2026 are said with these number words.
Level 2 - Fractions and Decimals
Covers half, a quarter and how to write decimals and thousands.
Level 4
Words in This Pattern
Practice Tens and Hundreds (-kümmend, -sada) in Bubblegum
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