eelmine / järgmine
Last and Next
Eelmisel nädalal means "last week", järgmisel aastal means "next year", and sel nädalal means "this week".
How It Works
Estonian uses the adessive -l for many "when" expressions. With eelmine (last, previous), järgmine (next) and see (this), both words take the ending:
- eelmisel nädalal, kuul, aastal, suvel – last week, month, year, summer
- järgmisel nädalal, esmaspäeval, aastal – next week, Monday, year
- sel (or sellel) nädalal, aastal – this week, this year
Eelmine and järgmine are words in -ne, so their stem is eelmise- and järgmise-. For the week before last or after next, say üle-eelmisel and ülejärgmisel nädalal.
Some years have their own words: tänavu (this year) and mullu (last year).
Careful with nädalas: the inessive nädalas means "per week", as in kaks korda nädalas (twice a week). It is not used for "last week".
Do not confuse eelmine with viimane. Viimane means the last one in a row: viimane buss (the last bus of the night). Viimasel ajal means "lately".
Examples (6)
- Eelmisel nädalal olin haige.
Last week I was sick.
Word by Word: previous-on week-on was-I sick
- Järgmisel aastal kolime Tartusse.
Next year we're moving to Tartu.
- Sel nädalal on mul palju tööd.
I have a lot of work this week.
Sel is the short adessive of see.
- Me kohtusime eelmisel suvel.
We met last summer.
- Järgmisel esmaspäeval algab kool.
School starts next Monday.
- Järgmine buss tuleb kümne minuti pärast.
The next bus comes in ten minutes.
Here järgmine describes the subject, so it stays in the nominative.
Common Mistakes
Leaving the adjective in the nominative.
Järgmine aastal lähen Soome.Järgmisel aastal lähen Soome.The adjective agrees with the noun, so both take -l.
Not changing see.
See nädalal olen kodus.Sel nädalal olen kodus.See must agree too. Its adessive is sel or sellel.
Using the inessive for last week.
Eelmises nädalas olin haige.Eelmisel nädalal olin haige.Nädalas means "per week". For a point in time, use the adessive -l.
How It Connects
Learn This First
These -ne words take the adessive with time words.
Related Patterns
- Adessive (-l)
The case used for these time expressions.
Level 1 - Adjectives Agree with the Noun
Why eelmine, järgmine and see take -l together with the noun.
Level 1 - Times of Day with -l
Hommikul and õhtul follow the same pattern.
Level 2 - Months and Seasons
Suvel and talvel combine with eelmisel and järgmisel.
Level 2 - täna / homme / eileBasic Time Words
Simple time words that need no ending.
Level 1