Highlighting with see ..., kes

Level 5

See oli Mari, kes helistas means It was Mari who called. The sentence points straight at Mari.

How It Works

Estonian usually shows emphasis with word order and small words like just or hoopis: Helistas hoopis Mari. (It was Mari who called, not someone else.) For extra weight, you can also use a frame with see and a relative clause.

1. Pointing at someone or something. Say see on/oli + X, then a kes or mis clause. You can also put X first: X oli see, kes ...

  • See oli Mari, kes helistas. (It was Mari who called.)
  • Mari oli see, kes helistas. (Mari was the one who called.)
  • See oli vihm, mis meid koju ajas. (It was the rain that drove us home.)

2. Saving the answer for the end. Start with see, mis ... or see, mida ..., and put the answer after on: See, mida ma vajan, on puhkus. (What I need is a rest.)

The relative word takes its own case. Choose the form of kes or mis that its own clause needs, not the main sentence:

  • See, mida ma vajan ... (vajama takes the partitive)
  • See, millest ma räägin ... (rääkima + elative: talk about)
  • See oli Mari, kellele ma helistasin. (helistama + allative: It was Mari I called.)

Commas. The relative clause always has a comma before it, and another after it when the sentence goes on: See, mida ma vajan, on puhkus.

In everyday talk, stress on the word or just is often enough: Just Mari helistas. Use the see frame when you want to correct someone or make a strong point.

Examples (6)

  1. See oli Mari, kes helistas, mitte Jüri.

    It was Mari who called, not Jüri.

  2. Mari oli see, kes helistas.

    Mari was the one who called.

  3. See, mida ma praegu vajan, on puhkus.

    What I need right now is a rest.

    Word by Word: that what I now need is rest

    Mida is partitive because vajama takes the partitive.

  4. See, millest ma rääkida tahan, on raha.

    What I want to talk about is money.

    Millest is elative because rääkima uses the elative for the topic.

  5. Tema oli see, kes mind kõige rohkem aitas.

    She was the one who helped me the most.

  6. See, mis mulle Tallinnas meeldib, on vanalinn.

    What I like about Tallinn is the Old Town.

Common Mistakes

  • Putting the relative word in the wrong case.

    See oli Mari, keda helistas.
    See oli Mari, kes helistas.

    Mari is the one doing the calling, so the relative word is the subject and stays in the nominative: kes. Keda is for someone that another person does something to.

  • Leaving out the commas around the relative clause.

    See mida ma vajan on puhkus.
    See, mida ma vajan, on puhkus.

    A relative clause in the middle of a sentence has a comma on both sides.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Highlighting with see ..., kesLevel 5

Learn This First

see ..., kes highlights with a relative clause.

Words in This Pattern

seekesmismida