haiz / hago / hator

Verb Forms with Hi

Level 5

zu zara → hi haiz; zu zaude → hi hago; zatoz! → hator!; zoaz! → hoa!

How It Works

1. The pronoun. hi takes the usual endings: hik (doer), hiri (to you), hire (your), hirekin (with you).

2. hi as the subject (no man/woman difference).

  • izan: hi haiz (you are), hi hintzen (you were). Compare naiz, zara, da.
  • egon: hi hago (you are, somewhere or somehow), hi hengoen (you were). Compare nago, zaude, dago.
  • joan: hi hoa (you go). etorri: hi hator (you come).
  • Perfect: Etorri haiz. (You have come.)

3. hik as the doer (-k to a man, -n to a woman).

  • ukan: hik duk / dun (you have it), hik dituk / ditun (you have them)
  • jakin: badakik / badakin (you know). eduki: daukak / daukan (you have).
  • Hik egin duk. (to a man) / Hik egin dun. (to a woman) (You have done it.)

4. hiri as the receiver. Esan diat (to a man) / Esan dinat (to a woman) (I have told you). Gustatzen zaik / zain? (Do you like it?)

5. hi as the object. haut replaces zaitut: Ikusi haut. (I have seen you.) Maite haut. (I love you.)

6. Commands. Hator! (Come!), Hoa! (Go!), Eser hadi! (Sit down!). With a doer: Egin ezak! (to a man) / Egin ezan! (to a woman) (Do it!). Compare zatoz, zoaz and zaitez, ezazu.

Note: duk and dun also appear in sentences about other people, where they mean da or du and just mark the listener: Etorri duk (He has come, to a man). See allocutive toka and noka.

Examples (6)

  1. Hi haiz nire anaia.

    You are my brother.

    haiz is the hi form of zara.

  2. Non hago?

    Where are you?

    hago is the hi form of zaude.

  3. Atzo non hintzen?

    Where were you yesterday?

    hintzen is the hi form of zinen.

  4. Hator hona!

    Come here!

    hator is the hi form of zatoz.

  5. Hik egin duk.

    You have done it. (to a man)

    The -k ending marks a male listener.

  6. Hik egin dun.

    You have done it. (to a woman)

    The -n ending marks a female listener.

Common Mistakes

  • Using a zu auxiliary with hik.

    Hik egin duzu.
    Hik egin duk.

    duzu goes with zuk. With hik, use duk to a man or dun to a woman.

  • Using the man's form with a woman.

    Miren, hik egin duk.
    Miren, hik egin dun.

    The listener here is Miren, a woman, so the verb needs the noka ending -n.

  • Using duk when hi is the one who came.

    Hi etorri duk.
    Hi etorri haiz.

    etorri takes izan, and the hi form of izan is haiz. Etorri duk means "he has come", said to a man.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

haiz / hago / hatorLevel 5Verb Forms with Hi

Learn This First

hi forms follow hi.

Words in This Pattern

hihik