-arazi
Making Someone Do: -arazi
Add -arazi to the verb radical: irakurri → irakurrarazi (make read), etorri → etorrarazi (make come). A new person causes the action.
How It Works
How to form it. Attach -arazi to the radical, written as one word. See The Verb Radical.
- irakurri → irakurrarazi; etorri → etorrarazi; erori → erorarazi.
- jakin → jakinarazi (to inform); sinetsi → sinetsarazi (to make believe).
- No extra t is added: irakurrarazi, not irakurtarazi; ezkonarazi, sorrarazi. A few are fixed with t: ulertarazi, ohartarazi.
- The radical of the new verb ends in -araz: irakurraraz, etorraraz.
Who is in which case? The person who causes the action always takes -k. See Who Does What: nor and nork.
- From a verb with only nor (Umea erori da), the one who acts stays nor and the verb uses du: Umea erorarazi du (He has made the child fall).
- From a verb with nork (Ikasleek liburua irakurri dute), the one who acts moves to To Someone: -(r)i and the verb uses dio: Ikasleei liburua irakurrarazi die.
The other way: eragin. Causatives can also use the verb eragin. With barre egin (to laugh), the Academy recommends barre eragin: Barre eragin dit (She made me laugh), not barre eginarazi.
Use it only when someone is really made to act. The Academy advises against adding -arazi when the plain verb already says the same thing. To let someone do something rather than make them, use Letting Someone Do.
Examples (6)
- Irakasleak ikasleei liburua irakurrarazi die.
The teacher has made the students read the book.
irakurri has nork, so the students take -ei and the verb uses die.
- Medikua etorrarazi dute.
They have had the doctor come.
etorri has only nor: medikua stays nor and the verb uses du.
- Umea erorarazi du.
He has made the child fall.
- Albistea jakinarazi digute.
They have informed us of the news.
- Ez didazu hori sinetsaraziko.
You will not make me believe that.
- Barre eragin dit.
She made me laugh.
With barre egin, the causative uses eragin.
Common Mistakes
Putting the doer in -k when the verb already had nork.
Irakasleak ikasleek liburua irakurrarazi du.Irakasleak ikasleei liburua irakurrarazi die.Only the causer takes -k. The students who read move to -ei, and the verb agrees with them: die.
Keeping the da auxiliary after adding -arazi.
Umea erorarazi da.Umea erorarazi du.erori uses da, but erorarazi has a causer, so it uses du.
Adding a t before -arazi.
Ikasleei liburua irakurtarazi die.Ikasleei liburua irakurrarazi die.The Academy's form is irakurrarazi. -arazi joins the radical directly.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The causative needs the radical and diot.
Related Patterns
- -tzen utziLetting Someone Do
Letting someone do something, where -arazi makes them do it.
Level 4 - -(r)iTo Someone: -(r)i
The person made to act takes -(r)i when the verb already had nork.
Level 2 - Who Does What: nor and nork
Explains why the causer takes -k and why a nor verb becomes a du verb.
Level 1 - atea ireki daOpening and Being Opened
The opposite direction: a du verb used with da when no causer is named.
Level 4
Practice -arazi in Bubblegum
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