-ış/-iş/-uş/-üş (isim düzəldən)
Event Noun with -ış
The suffix -(y)ış⁴ transforms verbs into nouns that focus on how something happens (manner) or the specific instance of an action (event).
How It Works
The -ış/-iş/-uş/-üş suffix is a tool for expanding your vocabulary by turning actions into descriptive nouns. It serves three primary functions:
- Manner or Style: It describes the way an action is performed. For example, yerimək (to walk) becomes yeriş (gait/way of walking).
- Event or Instance: It marks a specific occurrence. Gəlmək (to come) becomes gəliş (arrival).
- Result or Product: It represents the outcome of a process. Anlamaq (to understand) becomes anlayış (concept/understanding).
Morphology:
1. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, add -ış, -iş, -uş, or -üş based on the last vowel.
2. If the verb stem ends in a high vowel (ı, i, u, ü), simply add -ş (e.g., yeri- + -ş = yeriş).
3. If the verb stem ends in an open vowel (a, ə), insert the buffer -y- before the suffix (e.g., anla- + -y- + -ış = anlayış).
Usage Note: This suffix is less productive than -maq/-mək. It is not used for every verb; instead, it forms specific, established nouns. Some of these nouns, such as görüş (meeting) and döyüş (fight), have a mutual meaning, and the suffix looks the same as the reciprocal verb suffix.
Examples (5)
- Qonaqların gəlişi hamını sevindirdi.
The arrival of the guests made everyone happy.
Word by Word: Guests' arrival everyone made-happy.
Here, 'gəliş' (arrival) is a noun formed from 'gəlmək' (to come), focusing on the event itself.
- Onun bu məsələyə baxışı tamamilə fərqlidir.
His view on this matter is completely different.
Word by Word: His this matter-to look-manner completely different-is.
'Baxış' comes from 'baxmaq' (to look) and refers to a perspective or way of looking at something.
- Uşağın gülüşü otağa sevinc gətirdi.
The child's laughter brought joy to the room.
Word by Word: Child's laugh-event room-to joy brought.
'Gülüş' is the noun form of 'gülmək' (to laugh), describing the instance of laughing.
- Bu, çətin bir anlayışdır.
This is a difficult concept.
Word by Word: This, difficult a understanding-is.
'Anlayış' (concept/understanding) uses the -y- buffer because the stem 'anla-' ends in a vowel.
- Onun yerişi atasına oxşayır.
His gait (way of walking) resembles his father's.
Word by Word: His walk-manner father-his-to resembles.
'Yeriş' focuses on the specific style or manner of the action 'yerimək' (to walk).
Common Mistakes
Using -ma where the way or manner of an action is meant.
Different MeaningOnun gəlməsi çox maraqlı idi.Onun gəlişi çox maraqlı idi.'Onun gəlməsi çox maraqlı idi' is a good sentence: the fact that he came was interesting. '-ış' points to the arrival or the way he came, as in 'gəlişi'. Use -ma for the act and -ış for the arrival or manner.
Over-applying the suffix to every verb to describe 'manner'.
Onun yazışı çox gözəldir.Onun yazısı çox gözəldir.Unlike the highly productive -ma/-mə, the -ış suffix is less productive and often results in specific lexicalized nouns. For 'writing style', 'yazı' or 'xətt' is used rather than 'yazış'.
Incorrectly adding a buffer to stems ending in high vowels.
yeriyişyerişIf a verb stem ends in a high vowel (ı, i, u, ü), you typically just add -ş. The -y- buffer is used for stems ending in open vowels like -a or -ə (e.g., anlayış).
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand the -ış verbal noun, learners must first be comfortable with Azerbaijani vowel harmony rules, as the suffix has four variants. They also need to understand how to isolate verb stems from infinitives and how these derived nouns function within possessive phrases, as they frequently describe the manner or event of a specific subject's action.
- -maq/-məkInfinitive Verbal Noun
Understanding the basic infinitive form of verbs is necessary to identify the verb stem to which the -ış suffix is attached.
Level 4 - Genitive-possessive noun phrase
Verbal nouns with -ış often function as the head of a possessive construction (e.g., 'his arrival', 'their views'), requiring knowledge of how genitive and possessive suffixes interact.
Level 2
Related Patterns
- -ma/-mə (hərəkət adı)Action Noun with -ma
The general verbal noun refers to the act itself, whereas -ış refers to the manner or event.
Level 4 - -ış/-iş/-uş/-üş (qarşılıq növü)Reciprocal Verb Suffix
This suffix is identical in form and often creates nouns that imply mutual action (e.g., meeting, battle).
Level 3 - Vowel harmony in basic suffixes
The suffix follows 4-way vowel harmony rules to match the verb stem.
Level 1 - -(s)ı/-(s)i/-(s)u/-(s)üThird Person Singular Possessive Suffix
Nouns formed with -ış often take possessive suffixes to indicate whose 'manner' or 'arrival' is being discussed.
Level 1
Words in This Pattern
Practice -ış/-iş/-uş/-üş (isim düzəldən) in Bubblegum
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