The best way to learn Turkish is a mix: mostly Turkish you can understand, plus review and real conversation, with the balance set by your goal. Turkish you can mostly understand is called comprehensible input. Below, you'll see what each way of learning builds and the mix that suits six common goals.
Which Ways of Learning Turkish Work Best?
Reading and listening to Turkish at your level works best, and each other method adds one skill on top of it.
| Method | What it builds | Use it for |
|---|---|---|
| Reading and listening at your level | Words, endings and listening | Most of your time |
| A structured course | An order for the basics | Your first months |
| A tutor or conversation partner | Speaking and quick replies | Using what you know |
| Flashcards or other review | Words that stay with you | A few minutes each session |
| Dramas, podcasts and the news | Natural, everyday Turkish | Fun, once you follow most of it |
| Grammar study | Why a sentence works, such as the order of a word's endings | Patterns that confuse you |
Input is the base of the mix: a 2016 review of 49 studies in Reading in a Foreign Language, a University of Hawaii journal, found that reading a lot of easy material improves reading in a new language.
What Is the Best Way to Learn Turkish for Your Goal?
For every goal, the best way is the same base of reading and listening, with the rest of your time on the skill that goal needs most.
- Understand Turkish DramasPut most of your time into listening, starting with videos made for learners and moving on to episodes with Turkish subtitles.
- Talk With Family or FriendsRead and hear lots of everyday conversations, and spend the rest of your time talking with them or with a tutor.
- Travel to TürkiyeSpend most of your time on short dialogues about ordering tea and getting around, and say each one out loud.
- Pass the Turkish Proficiency ExamRead and listen at your level most of the time, and try the sample questions on the Yunus Emre Institute's official TYS site as the test gets close.
- Move to TürkiyeRead and hear Turkish about everyday life most of the time, and once you arrive, join a course at a university Turkish center, such as Ankara University's TÖMER.
- Work in TurkishRead and hear Turkish about your field most of the time, and practice siz, the polite word for you, with a tutor.
To see how many hours each stage takes, read how long it takes to learn Turkish.
What Are the Best Resources for Each Part?
Each part of the mix has a good free option, such as the Easy Turkish Podcast for listening or Anki for review, and an app or service for when you want more. Bubblegum, which appears in a few rows, is a language app where Poppy, an AI tutor, writes Turkish lessons at your level about things you like.
| Part | Free option | App or service |
|---|---|---|
| Learning the Turkish alphabet | Bubblegum's Turkish Alphabet course | Pimsleur, whose reading lessons connect Turkish letters with their sounds |
| Reading and listening at your level | Bubblegum's Turkish lessons on this site | Bubblegum, or LingQ, whose Mini Stories course is made for beginners |
| Dramas, podcasts and news | Language Reactor for shows, the Easy Turkish Podcast for slow news | Lingopie for Turkish shows and movies with subtitles you can tap |
| Review | Anki, free on computers and Android | Bubblegum's Regenerative Review™, which brings saved words back in new lessons |
| Conversation | A language exchange on HelloTalk | A tutor on italki or Preply |
| Grammar | Videos on Turkishle, which teaches phrases and grammar | TurkishClass101, whose lesson notes explain the grammar in each dialogue |
What Should You Avoid?
Avoid anything that keeps you from reading real Turkish sentences you can follow.
- Sound-Out Spellings in EnglishTurkish is spelled almost the way it sounds, so learn the six new letters and read every word in its Turkish spelling from the start.
- Lists With No SentencesOne Turkish word can take many endings, so save words from lines you have read, and each one comes with an example of how it is used.
- Dramas You Can't Follow YetSave Turkish dramas for when you can follow an episode with Turkish subtitles on, and watch Easy Turkish's street interviews before that.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it better to learn Turkish with an app or a teacher?
Use an app for the hours of reading and listening, and a teacher for speaking and corrections. Lessons with a tutor on italki or Preply are paid, so spend that time talking, and do your reading and listening on your own.
Should I learn Turkish grammar first?
No. Learn the Turkish alphabet first, then learn grammar from the Turkish you read and hear, and look a pattern up when it confuses you. A rule is easier to learn once you have seen it a few times: after gitmek istiyorum (I want to go) and görmek istiyorum (I want to see), the pattern for "I want to" is easy to spot.
Which Turkish exam should I take?
Take the TYS, the Turkish Proficiency Exam from Türkiye's Yunus Emre Institute. It gives a certificate at B2 or C1, depending on your score, and its official site has sample questions.
Which Turkish app should a beginner choose?
If you are serious about learning Turkish, start with Bubblegum. Poppy writes lessons at your level about things you like. Our Turkish app comparison covers courses, tutors and speaking apps too.
Is Bubblegum free?
Yes. The lesson library is free for everyone, because we believe everyone should be able to learn. It holds lessons that other learners asked Poppy for. A new custom lesson costs us real money to make, so your first one is free, and Bubblegum Pro gives you unlimited custom lessons.
The Turkish Alphabet course and the Turkish lessons on this site are also free and need no account.
Sources
- Jeon and Day (2016), The effectiveness of ER on reading proficiency: A meta-analysis, Reading in a Foreign Language 28(2), University of Hawaii
- Yunus Emre Institute, Türkçe Yeterlik Sınavı, the official Turkish Proficiency Exam site (B2 and C1 certificates, sample questions)
- Ankara University TÖMER, Turkish courses for foreigners (A1 to C1)
- Wikipedia, Turkish grammar (siz, the polite word for you)
- Anki, official downloads (free computer version and AnkiDroid)
- HelloTalk, find Turkish language partners (free language exchange)