The best way to learn Chinese is a mix: mostly Chinese you can understand, plus review and real conversation, with the balance set by your goal. Chinese you can mostly understand is called comprehensible input. Below, you'll see what each way of learning builds and the mix that suits six common goals.
Which Ways of Learning Chinese Work Best?
Reading and listening to Chinese at your level works best, and each other method adds one skill on top of it.
| Method | What it builds | Use it for |
|---|---|---|
| Reading and listening at your level | Words, characters, grammar and listening | Most of your time |
| A structured course | An order for the basics | Your first months |
| A tutor or conversation partner | Speaking, tones and quick replies | Using what you know |
| Flashcards or other review | Words that stay with you | A few minutes each session |
| Shows and web novels | Natural, everyday Chinese | Fun, once you follow most of it |
| Character study | How each character is built and written | Characters you mix up or want to write |
Input is the base of the mix: a 2016 review of 49 studies in Reading in a Foreign Language, a University of Hawaii journal, found that reading a lot of easy material improves reading in a new language, and adults gained more than children.
What Is the Best Way to Learn Chinese for Your Goal?
For every goal, the best way is the same base of reading and listening, with the rest of your time on the skill that goal needs most.
- Understand C-DramasPut most of your time into listening, starting with lessons about the shows and moving on to episodes with Chinese subtitles.
- Talk With Family or FriendsRead and hear lots of everyday conversations, and spend the rest of your time talking with them or with a tutor.
- Travel to China or TaiwanSpend most of your time on short dialogues about ordering food and getting around, and say each one out loud.
- Pass HSK or TOCFLRead and listen at your level most of the time, and try the sample tests on the official HSK or TOCFL site as the test gets close.
- Read Web NovelsSpend most of your time reading short stories, and move on to web novels once everyday conversations feel easy to follow.
- Work in ChineseRead and hear Chinese about your field most of the time, and practice meetings and emails with a tutor.
To see how many hours each stage takes, read how long it takes to learn Chinese.
What Are the Best Resources for Each Part?
Each part of the mix has a good free option, such as MDBG for looking up characters or Anki for review, and an app or service for when you want more. Bubblegum, which appears in a few rows, is a language app where Poppy, an AI tutor, writes Chinese lessons at your level about things you like.
| Part | Free option | App or service |
|---|---|---|
| Learning pinyin | Bubblegum's Pinyin course, or its Zhuyin course for | LingoDeer, whose pinyin chart plays audio for each sound and tone |
| Reading and listening at your level | Bubblegum's Chinese lessons on this site, or Mandarin Bean | Bubblegum, Du Chinese or The Chairman's Bao |
| Shows and web novels | Language Reactor for shows, Readibu for web novels | Migaku for shows, web pages and books you choose |
| Review | Anki, free on computers and Android | Bubblegum's Regenerative Review™, which brings saved words back in new lessons |
| Conversation | A language exchange on HelloTalk | A tutor on italki or Preply |
| Characters | MDBG or the free Pleco app, for looking them up | Skritter, for writing them by hand |
What Should You Avoid?
Avoid anything that keeps you from reading real Chinese sentences you can follow.
- Handwriting Before ReadingLearn to read characters first, and practice writing by hand only the ones you want to write.
- Single Characters on CardsMany Chinese words have two characters, like 电话 (phone), so save whole words from lines you have read.
- Shows You Can't Follow YetSave C-dramas for when you can follow an episode with Chinese subtitles on, and read lessons about the shows before that.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it better to learn Chinese with an app or a teacher?
Use an app for the hours of reading and listening, and a teacher for speaking and corrections. A teacher can also hear when a tone is off. Lessons with a tutor on italki or Preply are paid, so spend that time talking, and do your reading and listening on your own.
Should I learn Chinese grammar first?
No. Learn pinyin first, then learn grammar from the Chinese you read and hear, and look a pattern up when it confuses you. A rule is easier to learn once you have seen it a few times: after 我想吃 (I want to eat) and 我想去 (I want to go), the pattern for "I want to" is easy to spot.
Should I learn Mandarin or Cantonese?
Learn Mandarin unless you plan to live in Hong Kong or talk with family who speak Cantonese. Mandarin is the standard Chinese of mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore, and Cantonese is the main spoken language of Hong Kong and Macau, with its own sounds and many of its own words. See our Cantonese app comparison for that language.
Which Chinese app should a beginner choose?
If you are serious about learning Chinese, start with Bubblegum. Poppy writes lessons at your level about things you like. Our Chinese app comparison covers courses, tutors and speaking apps too.
Is Bubblegum free?
Yes. The lesson library is free for everyone, because we believe everyone should be able to learn. It holds lessons that other learners asked Poppy for. A new custom lesson costs us real money to make, so your first one is free, and Bubblegum Pro gives you unlimited custom lessons.
The Pinyin and Zhuyin courses and the Chinese lessons on this site are also free and need no account.
Sources
- Jeon and Day (2016), The effectiveness of ER on reading proficiency: A meta-analysis, Reading in a Foreign Language 28(2), University of Hawaii
- HSK, the official Chinese proficiency test site (sample questions)
- TOCFL, Taiwan's official Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (practice tests)
- Anki, official downloads (free computer version and AnkiDroid)
- HelloTalk, learn Chinese (free language exchange)
- MDBG Chinese dictionary (free)