The best way to learn Ancient Greek is to read plenty of Greek at your level while its audio plays, and to pick texts that match what you want Greek for. Greek written to be followed like this is called comprehensible input, and the Ancient Greek comprehensible input guide names the books and tools that supply it.
In Bubblegum, Poppy, your AI tutor, writes each lesson from the goal you chose, in the form of Greek you picked: a lesson on Plato or Homer in Classical Greek, a Gospel scene in Biblical Greek, or a prayer from the Divine Liturgy in Orthodox Greek. To speak Greek, try an immersion course or a tutor.
Reading with the audio on gets most of your week, and the methods below cover what it leaves out. Jeon and Day (2016) reviewed 49 studies and found that reading lots of easy texts made people better readers of English as a second or foreign language. The studies tested English, so they can't tell us how Greek readers fare. To check a text's level, read a few sentences. If most have about one new word, keep reading. If you can't tell what's happening, pick something easier.
| Method | What It Builds | Use It For |
|---|---|---|
| Reading along with audio | New words, endings and rhythm | Most of your week |
| A textbook with units | A steady path through the grammar | A school course, or study on your own |
| Verb and noun drills | Spotting a form such as -ον at a glance | A few minutes after you read |
| Looking up forms | Knowing which word an ending belongs to | When an ending hides the word |
| A commentary | The notes a real author needs | Once you read real prose |
| Immersion and speaking | Using Greek out loud | An immersion course or a tutor |
| Saved words in new sentences | Recalling a word in a new context | A few minutes after each lesson |
Use the pronunciation that matches where you will say or hear Greek, and know that you can change later. Nobody can hear Plato, so scholars reconstruct how Athenians sounded, and the Attic sounds in Bubblegum's Classical lessons follow that idea. Many Bible Greek courses teach the Erasmian sounds. Orthodox churches say the same written words with Modern Greek sounds.
| Word | Erasmian (Many Bible Greek Courses) | Modern Greek (As in Church) |
|---|---|---|
| ἀγάπη (love) | ah-GAH-pay | ah-GHAH-pee |
| ἐλέησον (have mercy) | eh-LEH-ay-sohn | eh-LEH-ee-sohn |
In Bubblegum you pick Ancient Greek, then Classical, Biblical or Orthodox, and the lessons have audio in that form's sound. For courses and free sites on the Bible side, see the best ways to learn Biblical Greek, and for the church, the best ways to learn Orthodox Church Greek.
A school course and a Gospel call for different reading.
- School and UniversityWork through your class textbook one unit at a time. Mastronarde's Introduction to Attic Greek has 42 units, and AtticGreek.org gives you drills for verb and noun forms to go with it.
- Plato and PhilosophyRead an adapted version first, then the real text with a commentary beside you. Scaife Viewer holds the full texts, and Dickinson College Commentaries pairs Greek texts with notes and vocabulary.
- Homer and MythsHomer's Greek has forms that Attic prose does not, so read the myths in plain Greek first. Then read Homer with a commentary open.
- History and Daily LifeRead about a family and a farm first, as Athenaze does, then try Herodotus, whose Histories are in Perseus.
- The Bible and the ChurchPick Biblical or Orthodox to read the New Testament or follow the Divine Liturgy. Each has a page here with its own books and sounds.
- Speak GreekPractice with a course or a tutor. The Polis Institute teaches Koine Greek in classes held entirely in Greek, and some Preply tutors teach Ancient Greek one-on-one.
The fastest way to learn Ancient Greek turns this into a weekly plan.
| Part | Other Option | App or Service |
|---|---|---|
| Your first texts | — | Bubblegum, for lessons about your interests and goals, or the textbook Introduction to Attic Greek, with free pronunciation audio on AtticGreek.org |
| Reading with audio | A story textbook such as Athenaze | AKRO, with texts and audio synced to the line |
| Endings and grammar | The units of a textbook, and the noun and verb drills on AtticGreek.org | Hoplite Challenge, a free verb game |
| Looking up forms | Liddell and Scott's lexicon | Logeion, or asking Poppy about a line in your lesson |
| Real authors | Dickinson College Commentaries | Scaife Viewer, with the full texts |
| Bible Greek | Bill Mounce's free online class | Bubblegum's Biblical lessons |
| Review | Sentences copied into a notebook | Regenerative Review™, where Bubblegum works your saved words into new lessons |
| Speaking | The Polis Institute's Koine courses | A tutor on Preply |
When adapted texts read smoothly, try a Greek selection with a Dickinson College Commentaries page open beside it.
- Starting With a Word ListA list says that λόγος means word and leaves out λόγον, λόγου and the sentences they sit in. Read each new word first in a sentence that has audio.
- Jumping to Plato or Homer Too EarlyPlato and Homer build long sentences out of forms you haven't met yet. Read adapted texts until they feel smooth, then try a short selection.
- Reading in SilenceReading without sound leaves you guessing how each word is said. Play the audio from your first session, and the sound you chose becomes familiar.
Bubblegum
For serious learners, Bubblegum is the best app to learn Ancient Greek. You learn from Ancient Greek you can mostly understand, which is called comprehensible input.
- Pick Ancient Greek, then Classical, Biblical or Orthodox, and Poppy writes in that form of Greek.
- Poppy writes each lesson around your goal, such as Plato, Homer and myths, school Greek, the New Testament or the Divine Liturgy.
- Lessons have audio, and you can tap a word to see what it means, or ask Poppy to explain a whole line.
- Regenerative Review™ brings saved words back in new lessons, and you can export them to Anki.
- Clear, expressive AI voices read every lesson aloud, with a different voice for each speaker.
- Learn every letter and its sound in the free Classical Greek Alphabet course.
- You can't turn your own Greek books into lessons. However, you can paste a page in the chat, and Poppy will explain it.
- Custom lessons cost us money to make, so you need Bubblegum Pro for unlimited custom lessons. Lessons Poppy wrote for other learners are free for everyone to read.
- Regenerative Review™
Mobile
Can I Teach Myself Ancient Greek?
Yes, with the right book. Mastronarde's textbook has a free companion site with pronunciation audio and drills, and Bill Mounce's free online class goes through every chapter of a Koine textbook. A teacher still helps with the endings that puzzle you.
Do I Need Grammar Before I Read?
Not before. Read a short sentence first, then look at the ending that puzzles you. In Ὁ παῖς τὸν ἵππον ὁρᾷ (The boy sees the horse), the ending of ἵππον marks the horse as the one being seen. A textbook introduces the endings one at a time.
Which Ancient Greek App Should a Beginner Choose?
If you are serious about learning Ancient Greek, start with Bubblegum. Poppy, your AI tutor, writes lessons at your level about things you like. To start from a book, get a textbook and play the audio that goes with it. The Ancient Greek app comparison lists every option.
Should I Use an App or a Teacher?
A teacher or a class can explain why a form changed. Bring the endings that puzzled you in your reading.
Is Bubblegum Free?
Yes. Lessons Poppy wrote for other learners are free for everyone to read. Custom lessons cost us money to make, so you need Bubblegum Pro for unlimited custom lessons.
Sources
- Jeon and Day (2016): The effectiveness of extensive reading, a meta-analysis (Reading in a Foreign Language)
- Bubblegum: Ancient Greek
- University of California Press: Introduction to Attic Greek, 2nd edition (Donald J. Mastronarde)
- Oxford University Press: Athenaze, 3rd edition, by Maurice Balme (Books I and II)
- Bill Mounce: free online class for Basics of Biblical Greek
- Pontifical University of the Holy Cross: Which kind of Greek is taught at Polis?
- Biblical Language Center: Living Koine Greek
- Dickinson College Commentaries
- Scaife Viewer, the Open Greek and Latin reader
- Perseus Digital Library
- Logeion on the App Store (University of Chicago)
- Hoplite Challenge on the App Store
- AKRO: Ancient Greek & Latin on the App Store
- Preply: online Ancient Greek tutors
- Wikipedia: Ancient Greek
- Wikipedia: Erasmian pronunciation